Sieg German · revision 34953

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=late 8th century, Old High German Isidor|origins=ine-pro *seǵʰ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ziːk/, /ziːç/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Sieg''' ''m'' (genitive Sieges or Siegs, plural Siege)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|sige]], [[inh|goh|sigu]], [[inh|gem-pro|*segaz|t=victory]].^(Kluge 2011|848)^(Wiktionary)^(Kroonen 2013) The same word is [[got|𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌹𐍃|tr=sigis]], [[non|sigr]], [[ang|sige]] and [[m|ang|sigor]], [[ofs|sige]], and [[osx|sigi-]] in compounds.^(Kluge 2011|848)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kroonen 2013)

+

+ It continues an old neuter s-stem [[ine-pro|*séǵʰos|t=overpowering]], from the verb seen in [[grc|ἔχω|tr=ékhō|t=I have, hold]]; [[sa|सहस्|tr=sáhas|t=force, victory]] is the same noun.^(Kroonen 2013)^(Kluge 2011|848)^(Pfeifer 1993) Pfeifer adds [[ae|hazah-|t=violence]] and [[mga|seg|t=strength]], and old personal and place names such as those in Segesta and Segomāros.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DWB|16, 886) The root is [[ine-pro|*seǵʰ-|t=to hold, overpower in battle]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020)

+

+ In Germanic the s-stem passed into other declensions, so that Old High German has an i-stem and a u-stem beside each other; the EWA thinks the u-stem may be a recent back-formation from the plural.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(EWA|7, 1194) The Grimms' dictionary rejects an older derivation from [[goh|sīgan|t=to sink]], as “the striking down of the enemy”.^(DWB|16, 886)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''sigu'' is first recorded in the Isidor translation at the end of the 8th century, then in the Tatian, Otfrid, Notker and glosses, meaning “victory, achievement”;^(Köbler AHD)^(EWA|7, 1194)^(Schützeichel 2012|280) ''sigu neman'' meant “to win”.^(Köbler AHD)^(EWA|7, 1194)^(Schützeichel 2012|280)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The word first referred to victory in war, often in fixed phrases such as ''den Sieg davontragen'' (Stieler) or ''erfechten'' (Adelung), and later also to winning a sporting contest.^(Paul 2002) It was used of abstract things, as ''Sieg der Diplomatie'', and ethically, as in Luther's ''eyn frölicher sieg und uberwindung'';^(Paul 2002) ''Sieg der Vernunft'' “victory of reason” became a set phrase.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ The element was very frequent in old compounds and personal names.^(DWB|16, 886) Under National Socialism ''Sieg Heil!'' was a ritual cry at mass rallies.^(Paul 2002)^(Duden GWDS 1999) The ''Pyrrhussieg'', a victory won at too great a cost, is named after Pyrrhus' victory over the Romans in 279 BC.^(Paul 2002) From the noun comes [[ru|зига|tr=zíga|t=Nazi salute]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 8th century – Old High German ''sigu'' in the Isidor translation.^(Köbler AHD)

+ * c. 800 – ''sigihaft'' “victorious” is recorded.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 9th century – ''ubarsigirōn'' “to defeat”.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 13th century – Rhineland ''segere'' “victor”, an isolated early record.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020)

+ * 16th century – ''siegreich'' and ''Siger'' “victor” become common.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 17th century – The spelling ''Sieger''.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|victory]]: success in a battle, contest, game, election or argument: ''ein Sieg im Elfmeterschießen''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # ''(figurative)'' The prevailing of one thing over another, as in ''Sieg der Vernunft''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[siegen]]

+ * [[Sieger]]

+ * [[siegreich]]

+ * [[sieghaft]]

+ * [[besiegen]]

+ * [[Pyrrhussieg]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[hektisch]]

+ * [[Schema]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The river ''Sieg'', a tributary of the Rhine, has a name of its own, from Old High German ''Sigin'';^(Wiktionary) Wiktionary gives two competing explanations of it.^(Wiktionary) ''Auf Sieg spielen'' is sports jargon for “to go all out to win”.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}