Partei German · revision 34951

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1278, a charter|origins=la pars}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /parˈtaɪ̯/, [paʁˈtaɪ̯], [pa(ɐ̯)ˈtaɪ̯]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Partei''' ''f'' (genitive Partei, plural Parteien)^(Wiktionary)

+ It was earlier spelled ''partey'', ''parthei'' or ''parthey''.^(DWB|13, 1466) Alemannic, Central and Low German texts kept the older form ''partie'', ''partige''.^(DFWB)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|partīe]], [[bor|fro|partie|t=part, side, party]], the noun use of the feminine past participle of [[m|fro|partir|t=to divide]], from [[la|partior|t=to divide, share]], from [[m|la|pars|t=part]].^(Kluge 2011|685)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2014) [[gml|partīe]] is found as well.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ In Early New High German the long /iː/ regularly became a diphthong, giving the modern form.^(Paul 2002) [[Partie]], the same French word, was borrowed again in the 17th century, and the two forms were used side by side for a long time;^(Paul 2002)^(Duden 7 2014) Paul thinks [[fr|parti|t=match, party]] also had an influence.^(Paul 2002)^(Duden 7 2014) The same word is [[nl|partij]] and [[en|party]].^(Kluge 2011|685)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Middle High German ''partīe'' is first found in a charter of 1278, meaning “division, group of people”.^(Köbler MHD)^(Kluge 2011|685) In the early language it named an independent part of a larger whole, such as a side in a lawsuit or in a quarrel.^(Kluge 2011|685)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From the 15th century the word named each side in negotiations or a legal case, and, first in the Lower Rhine area, a group sharing a home, the household that is now a ''Mietpartei''.^(Pfeifer 1993) From the 16th century it was used for a political or religious group that set itself apart, and in 17th-century military language for a small raiding band, as in Grimmelshausen's ''Simplicissimus''.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002) ''Partei nehmen'' or ''ergreifen'' “to take sides” are old fixed phrases.^(DFWB)^(Paul 2002)

+

+ In the political struggles of the 19th century, especially over German unity, ''Partei'' usually had a bad sound: Kluge notes that parliaments preferred [[Fraktion]] and others [[Verein]], although Lassalle, who founded the General German Workers' Association in 1863, spoke of a workers' party.^(Kluge 2011|685) The modern notion of a political party formed only in the 20th century, especially after the First World War, partly under English and French influence.^(Kluge 2011|685) In a one-party state, ''die Partei'' was the ruling party, the NSDAP or the SED.^(Wiktionary)^(Duden GWDS 1999) German ''Partei'' was borrowed into Czech and Slovak as ''partaj''.^(LWP)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1278 – Middle High German ''partīe'' in a charter.^(Köbler MHD)

+ * 15th century – Used of the parties in a lawsuit or contract, and of a household.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 16th century – Used of a political or religious group.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 17th century – ''Partie'' is borrowed again from French;^(Paul 2002)^(Pfeifer 1993) ''Partei'' also names a raiding band.^(Paul 2002)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1863 – Lassalle speaks of an ''Arbeiterpartei''.^(Kluge 2011|685)

+ * After 1918 – The modern concept of a party takes shape.^(Kluge 2011|685)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A political [[m|en|party]], an organization of people with shared political aims and a programme.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Die Partei'': the single ruling party of a one-party state.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(law)'' Either side in a lawsuit, or a party to a [[m|en|contract]].^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A household renting in a building, short for [[Mietpartei]].^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # A group or side holding one view against another;^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Paul 2002) ''Partei ergreifen'' “to take sides”.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Paul 2002)

+ # A team playing against another.^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[parteiisch]]

+ * [[unparteiisch]]

+ * [[parteilich]]

+ * [[parteilos]]

+ * [[Parteitag]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Partie]]

+ * [[Part]]

+ * [[Party]]

+ * [[Partner]]

+ * [[Partisan]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}