zusammen German · revision 34946

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=late 8th century, Old High German Benedictine Rule|origins=ine-pro *samo-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /tsuˈzamən/, [tsuˈzamən]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Germany: [tsuˈzamm̩]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Colloquial: /tsəˈzamən/^(Wiktionary)

+ * Austria, Bavaria: /tsuˈsamɛn/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''zusammen'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|zesamene]], [[inh|goh|zisamane]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*te samanǣ|t=together]].^(Kluge 2011|1018)^(Pfeifer 1993) The same West Germanic formation is [[osx|tesamne]], [[ang|tōsamne]], [[ofs|to samene]] and [[nl|tezamen]].^(Kluge 2011|1018)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DWB|32, 729)

+

+ It strengthens the older adverb [[gem-pro|*samana-|t=together]], seen in [[got|𐍃𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰|tr=samana]], [[non|saman]] and [[goh|saman]], with the preposition that is now [[zu]].^(Kluge 2011|1018)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|958) That adverb is formed from the pronominal stem of [[got|𐍃𐌰𐌼𐌰|tr=sama|t=same]] and [[ang|same]], and meant “towards the same place”.^(Kluge 2011|1018) Outside Germanic the stem is [[ine-pro|*samo-]], in [[sa|सम|tr=samá|t=same, equal]], [[la|simul|t=at the same time]] and [[cu|самъ|tr=samŭ|t=self]].^(Kluge 2011|1018)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''zisamane'' is first recorded in the Benedictine Rule of the late 8th century, and then in the ''Hildebrandslied'', Isidor, Tatian, Otfrid and Notker, meaning “together, against each other”.^(Köbler AHD)^(Schützeichel 2012|271) In the ''Hildebrandslied'', ''zisamane stōpian'' is to let the warriors clash together.^(Schützeichel 2012|271)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The Grimms' dictionary notes that ''zusammen'', with its sense of direction, differed from ''samt'' and ''sament'', which expressed being at rest together, and that it pushed aside both these and the simple ''sammen''.^(DWB|32, 729) Notker wrote ''so sêla unde lîchamo zesamine choment'' “when soul and body come together”.^(DWB|32, 729) Adelung, around 1800, still distinguished ''zusammen'' for movement towards one place from ''beysammen'' for being together.^(Adelung 1793)

+

+ Short forms ''zamen'', ''zamme'' prevailed in Upper German dialects and their Early New High German literature, and Swiss and nearby Alemannic dialects have umlauted ''zemmen''.^(DWB|32, 729) Swedish [[m|sv|tillsamman]] and Danish [[m|da|tilsammen]] were formed after the Middle Low German model.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DWB|32, 729) Compounds with verbs gave terms such as ''Zusammenhang'', recorded by Stieler and made a philosophical term by Wolff for Latin ''cohaerentia'', and ''Zusammensetzung'', which became the grammatical term for “compound” after Bödiker in 1698.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 8th century – Old High German ''zisamane'' appears in the Benedictine Rule.^(Köbler AHD)

+ * c. 1120 – Middle High German ''zesamene'' is recorded in the Genesis.^(Köbler MHD)

+ * 1691 – Stieler records ''Zusammenhang''.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1698 – Bödiker uses ''Zusammensetzung'' for “compound”.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|together]], jointly, with one or more others: ''Wir fahren zusammen in den Urlaub.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # In all, [[m|en|altogether]], counted as one sum: ''Das macht zusammen zwölf Euro.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ===Adjective===

+ # (only after a verb) Together, in the same place: ''Die Geschwister sind oft zusammen.''^(Wiktionary)^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # ''(informal)'' In a romantic [[m|en|relationship]] with each other: ''Die beiden sind seit Mai zusammen.''^(Wiktionary)^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Zusammenhang]]

+ * [[zusammenhängen]]

+ * [[zusammensetzen]]

+ * [[Zusammensetzung]]

+ * [[Zusammenarbeit]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sammeln]]

+ * [[samt]]

+ * [[beisammen]]

+ * [[-sam]]

+ * [[nl|tezamen]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ In close connection with a verb, the word is written together with it (''zusammenarbeiten'', ''zusammensetzen'').^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}