Team German · revision 34939

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1859|origins=ang tēam}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /tiːm/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Team''' ''n'' (genitive Teams, plural Teams)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|en|team]], which continues [[ang|tēam|t=offspring, family; team of draught animals]].^(Kluge 2011|910)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020) The English word is related to [[Zaum]], so that the German noun is a doublet of the native word.^(Kluge 2011|910)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary) The same English word was taken into [[nl|team]], [[fr|team]] and [[sv|team]].^(Kluge 2011|910) The first German record is from 1859, but the word was borrowed in earnest around 1900.^(WGd)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002) Kluge dates it to the 20th century, and the Fremdwörterbuch's first quotation is from 1903.^(Kluge 2011|910)^(DFWB)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ZDL's word history finds the first record in 1859, in letters from California written by a German and printed in a magazine.^(WGd) The Fremdwörterbuch quotes a ''Football-team der Pennsylvania-Universität'' from 1903, and an English ''Team'' from 1904.^(DFWB)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ At first the word referred to English and American conditions, mainly in sport, in the sense “pair or group of players, side”.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DFWB)^(WGd) As an anglicism it was the target of purist efforts, which failed: it was established from about 1910.^(WGd) From the 1940s it was transferred to work, meaning a group of specialists working together on a task, and more recently also the staff of a business.^(WGd)^(DFWB)

+

+ ''Teamwork'' was recorded in 1927 for a team's play, later for joint work, and the partial loan translation ''Teamarbeit'' followed in 1955.^(Paul 2002)^(Pfeifer 1993) ''Teamgeist'' was probably formed after English ''team spirit''.^(Duden 7 2020)^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1859 – First record, in letters from California.^(WGd)

+ * 1903 – ''Football-team'' is recorded.^(DFWB)

+ * About 1910 – The word becomes established in sport.^(WGd)

+ * 1927 – ''Teamwork'' is recorded.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1940s – The sense “working group” appears.^(WGd)

+ * 1955 – ''Teamarbeit'' and ''Teamgeist'' are recorded.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A group of people who work together on a task: ''ein Team aus fünf Programmierern''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(sports)'' A [[m|en|side]] or team of players.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The [[m|en|staff]] of a business.^(Wiktionary)^(WGd)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Teamwork]]

+ * [[Teamarbeit]]

+ * [[Teamgeist]]

+ * [[teamfähig]]

+ * [[Teamkollege]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Zaum]]

+ * [[en|team]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}