gehören German · revision 34926

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=8th century, Old High German|origins=gem-pro *gahauzijaną}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ɡəˈhøːʁən/, /ɡəˈhøːɐ̯n/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''gehören''' (third-person singular present gehört, past tense gehörte, past participle gehört, auxiliary haben)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|gehœren]], [[inh|goh|gihōren|t=to hear, obey]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*gahauʀijan]], [[inh|gem-pro|*gahauzijaną|t=to listen, hear]], formed with the prefix [[gem-pro|*ga-]] from the verb that became [[hören]].^(Wiktionary)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kluge 2011|341) The same verb is [[osx|gihōrian]], [[gml|gehōren]], [[ang|ġehīeran]] and [[got|𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽|tr=gahausjan]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary)^(DWB|5, 2504) Kluge describes it as an intensive form of the simple verb, widely used in the old language;^(Kluge 2011|341) in the modern verb the prefix keeps its force while the sense of the simple verb has faded.^(Paul 2002)^(Duden 7 2014)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''gihōren'' is common from the 8th century, from the glosses of about 765 and the Hildebrandslied on.^(Kluge 2011|341)^(Köbler AHD) It meant “to hear, perceive, listen to, obey, grant”, as in the Hildebrandslied's ''ik gihôrta ðat seggen'' (“I heard it said”).^(Schützeichel 2012|157)^(DWB|5, 2504)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Middle High German ''gehœren'' still had the senses of the simple verb, “to hear”, “to listen, obey”.^(Pfeifer 1993) The modern meaning grew out of “to listen to someone”, that is “to be his”: it applied first to persons and was then extended to things.^(Kluge 2011|341) Pfeifer dates the senses of belonging to a family and of ownership to the 14th century, and derives “to be due, to befit” from the legal claim to property;^(Pfeifer 1993) from this comes reflexive ''sich gehören'' “to be proper”.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002) The old sense “to hear” lived on in Upper German, as in Swabian ''er g'hört nicht wol'' “he is hard of hearing”.^(DWB|5, 2504)

+

+ A possessive pronoun could stand for the dative, as in Goethe's ''Und mein gehört die ganze Welt'', and in southern German ''gehören'' with a past participle says what ought to be done.^(Paul 2002)^(Duden GWDS 1999) The adjective ''gehörig'', Old High German ''gihōrīg'' “obedient”, came to match the verb in the 15th century and is now mostly an intensifier, “thorough, proper”.^(Paul 2002)^(Duden 7 2014)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 8th century – Old High German ''gihōren'' is recorded in glosses and the Hildebrandslied.^(Kluge 2011|341)^(Köbler AHD)

+ * 14th century – ''gehören'' comes to express belonging and ownership.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1486 – ''gehörig'' is used in the sense “belonging”.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 15th century – ''angehörig'' “belonging to” appears.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 16th–18th century – ''Angehörige'' “relatives” comes into use (Pfeifer: 16th century, Duden: 18th century).^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2014)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(with dative)'' To [[m|en|belong]] to someone, to be someone's property: ''der Hund gehört meiner Schwester''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(with zu)'' To be a member or part of a whole: ''sie gehört zu den besten Spielerinnen''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To have its proper place somewhere: ''die Schuhe gehören nicht auf den Tisch''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # ''(with zu)'' To be needed for something, to be a [[m|en|prerequisite]].^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(reflexive)'' To be [[m|en|proper]] or fitting: ''das gehört sich nicht''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(regional, especially southern)'' Ought to, with a past participle: ''der gehört bestraft''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[angehören]]

+ * [[Angehörige]]

+ * [[zugehören]]

+ * [[zugehörig]]

+ * [[gehörig]]

+ * [[ungehörig]]

+ * [[dazugehören]]

+ * [[hingehören]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[hören]]

+ * [[en|hear]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}