Teil German · revision 34925

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=765, Old High German glosses|origins=gem-pro *dailiz}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /taɪ̯l/, [tʰaɪ̯l], [tʰae̯l]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Teil''' ''m'' or ''n'' (genitive ''Teiles'' or ''Teils'', plural ''Teile''): masculine for a part of a whole, masculine or neuter for a share, neuter for a separate piece^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ The older spelling was ''Theil''.^(Wiktionary)^(DWB|21, 347)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|teil]], [[inh|goh|teil]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*daili]], [[inh|gem-pro|*dailiz|t=part, share]].^(Kluge 2011|911)^(Wiktionary) The same word is [[osx|dēl]], [[ang|dǣl]], [[ofs|dēl]] and [[got|𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌻𐍃|tr=dails]], and today [[nl|deel]], [[en|deal]] and [[sv|del]].^(Kluge 2011|911)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Orel 2003) Kroonen also sets up a neuter [[gem-pro|*dailą]], the source of [[ang|dāl]] and English [[m|en|dole]].^(Kroonen 2013)

+

+ Outside Germanic only [[cu|дѣлъ|tr=dělŭ|t=part]] agrees in form, and Kluge notes that it could be a loan from Germanic;^(Kluge 2011|911) Orel takes the two as identical, and Pfeifer and Kroonen speak of a word shared by Germanic and Balto-Slavic, also seen in [[lt|dailýti|t=to divide]].^(Orel 2003)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kroonen 2013) Kluge compares the meaning of [[m|lt|dalìs|t=part]], without the diphthong, and of [[sa|दयते|tr=dáyate|t=divides]] and [[grc|δαίομαι|tr=daíomai|t=I divide]], which differ in their initial sound.^(Kluge 2011|911) Pfeifer considers a root [[ine-pro|*dā(i)-|t=to divide, cut]] or a substrate word;^(Pfeifer 1993) Kroonen a derivative of [[ine-pro|*dʰeh₁-|t=to put]], though the formation has no parallels.^(Kroonen 2013) The Duden calls the further connections uncertain.^(Duden 7 2020|853)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''teil'' is first recorded in glosses of 765, and then in Isidor, Tatian, Otfrid and Notker, meaning “part, share, piece”, “side” and “region”.^(Köbler AHD)^(Schützeichel 2012|330) It was already used for fractions: ''tritto teil'' “third”, ''ahtodo teil'' “eighth”.^(Schützeichel 2012|330)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The word was masculine and neuter from Old High German on; today the masculine prevails for a part of a whole, while the neuter is used for a separate piece and in compounds such as ''Erbteil'' and ''Hinterteil''.^(Paul 2002) Phrases such as ''das dritte Teil'' contracted into the fraction words [[Drittel]] and [[Viertel]].^(Paul 2002) Of people, ''Teil'' meant a party in war, treaties or a lawsuit,^(FWB) whence ''ich für mein Teil'' “as for me”.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ The adverbial phrases ''ein teil'' and ''eines teils'' “partly” were usual until the 15th century, ''zum Teil'' from the 16th;^(FWB) the adverb ''teils'' comes from the genitive in the 17th century.^(Pfeifer 1993) ''Gegenteil'', in Middle High German “the opposing party in a lawsuit”, has had its general sense since the 16th century, and ''Nachteil'' was formed in the 15th century as the opposite of ''Vorteil''.^(Pfeifer 1993) ''Anteil nehmen'' “to sympathize” arose in the 18th century.^(Pfeifer 1993) The word was borrowed into Czech, Slovak and Slovene, as Czech ''tál'' “share of land”.^(LWP)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 765 – Old High German ''teil'' appears in glosses.^(Köbler AHD)

+ * 8th century – The verb ''teilen'' is recorded.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 10th century – ''fiorteil'' “quarter” appears.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 15th century – ''Nachteil'' is formed beside ''Vorteil''.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 16th century – ''zum Teil'' replaces ''eines teils'';^(FWB)^(Pfeifer 1993) ''Gegenteil'' takes its general sense.^(FWB)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 17th century – The adverb ''teils'' appears.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 18th century – ''Anteil nehmen'' “to sympathize” arises.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(masculine)'' A [[m|en|part]] of a whole: ''der vordere Teil des Zuges''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(masculine)'' A portion or [[m|en|fraction]] of a larger amount: ''ein großer Teil der Stadt''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(masculine or neuter)'' A [[m|en|share]] that someone has or contributes: ''sein Teil beitragen''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # ''(masculine)'' A person or group facing another, a [[m|en|party]].^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # ''(neuter)'' A single piece, a component of a machine or device.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(neuter, colloquial)'' A thing, an object; a piece of clothing.^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[teilen]]

+ * [[teils]]

+ * [[Abteil]]

+ * [[Anteil]]

+ * [[Gegenteil]]

+ * [[Nachteil]]

+ * [[Vorteil]]

+ * [[Erbteil]]

+ * [[Bestandteil]]

+ * [[Drittel]]

+ * [[Viertel]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Urteil]]

+ * [[en|deal]]

+ * [[en|dole]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Sich sein Teil denken'' is to keep one's thoughts to oneself;^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Paul 2002) ''das bessere Teil erwählt haben'' “to have chosen the better part” comes from Luke 10:42.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}