Ende German · revision 34922

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=8th century, Old High German glosses|origins=ine-pro *h₂entíos}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈɛndə/, [ˈʔɛn.də]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Ende''' ''n'' (genitive Endes, plural Enden, diminutive Endchen n)^(Wiktionary)

+ Until the 17th century the word was often masculine.^(DWB2|8, 1293) The plural ended in ''-e'' until the 18th century;^(DWB2|8, 1293)^(Pfeifer 1993) ''Enden'', found now and then since the 15th century, prevailed at the beginning of the 18th.^(DWB2|8, 1293)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|ende]], [[inh|goh|enti]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*andī]], [[inh|gem-pro|*andijaz|t=end]].^(Kluge 2011|245)^(Wiktionary) The same word is [[got|𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃|tr=andeis]], [[non|endir]], [[ang|ende]], [[ofs|enda]] and [[osx|endi]], and today [[nl|einde]], [[en|end]] and [[sv|ända]].^(Kluge 2011|245)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kroonen 2013) The older languages show a masculine; the West Germanic word became neuter only late.^(Kroonen 2013)

+

+ The Germanic noun is a ja-stem, like [[sa|अन्त्य|tr=ántya|t=being at the end, last]], and goes back to [[ine-pro|*h₂entíos]].^(Kluge 2011|245)^(Wiktionary)^(Kroonen 2013) Pfeifer explains it as “lying opposite, in front of one”, from the adverb [[ine-pro|*anti|t=opposite]] of [[grc|ἀντί|tr=antí|t=facing, instead of]] and [[la|ante|t=before]], itself an old locative of a noun “front, forehead”.^(Pfeifer 1993) Kluge also starts from “forehead”, comparing [[goh|endi|t=forehead]], [[m|non|enni|t=forehead]], [[m|la|antiae|t=hair over the forehead]] and [[sga|étan|t=forehead]]; other relatives are [[hit|ḫanza|t=in front]] and [[m|sa|अन्त|tr=ánta|t=end, border]].^(Kluge 2011|245)^(Pfeifer 1993) The prefix [[ent-]] and the first part of [[Antlitz]] and [[Antwort]] belong to the same group.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''enti'' is first recorded in the 8th century, in a gloss of 790–802 that renders Latin ''fines'' “boundaries”.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DWB2|8, 1293) In the Old High German texts it meant “end, border, edge, point” and also “side, front”, “death” and “goal”;^(Schützeichel 2012|89) ''in ende'' meant “for ever”.^(Schützeichel 2012|89)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The word was used of space first and was applied to time early on.^(Paul 2002)^(Duden 7 2020) Already in Old and Middle High German it could mean “death” and “fate”, and in religious language the end of the world.^(Paul 2002)^(Schützeichel 2012|89) In Middle High German it also meant “direction, side” and “manner”, as in ''des endes'' “that way”.^(Lexer 1872|1, 549)^(Köbler MHD)

+

+ Since the word often names the last piece of something, ''ein Ende Brot'' is a regional word for a small piece, and colloquially ''ein ganzes Ende'' is a long way.^(Duden 7 2020)^(Duden GWDS 1999) In hunters' language ''Ende'' is a tine of an antler, hence [[Zwölfender]] “a stag with twelve tines”,^(Paul 2002)^(Duden 7 2020) and in seamen's language a piece of rope.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 790–802 – Old High German ''enti'' glosses Latin ''fines''.^(DWB2|8, 1293)

+ * 15th century – The plural ''Enden'' is first recorded.^(DWB2|8, 1293)

+ * 17th century – The masculine gender becomes rare.^(DWB2|8, 1293)

+ * Early 18th century – ''Enden'' replaces the old plural ''Ende''.^(DWB2|8, 1293)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The place where something stops, its [[m|en|end]]: ''am Ende des Flurs''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The point in time when something stops, the last stage, [[m|en|conclusion]]: ''Ende Mai'';^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary) ''das Spiel ist zu Ende''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(formal, euphemistic)'' [[m|en|death]].^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # The last or outermost piece of something;^(Duden GWDS 1999) ''(regional)'' a small piece.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # ''(colloquial)'' A fairly long distance: ''Bis zum Dorf ist es noch ein Ende.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # ''(hunting)'' A [[m|en|tine]] of an antler.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Paul 2002)

+ # ''(nautical)'' A piece of [[m|en|rope]].^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[enden]]

+ * [[endigen]]

+ * [[beenden]]

+ * [[beendigen]]

+ * [[endlich]]

+ * [[endlos]]

+ * [[endgültig]]

+ * [[Endung]]

+ * [[verenden]]

+ * [[Zwölfender]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ent-]]

+ * [[Antlitz]]

+ * [[Antwort]]

+ * [[en|end]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Am Ende'' means “in the end, after all”, and ''letzten Endes'' “ultimately”.^(Duden GWDS 1999) ''Ende gut, alles gut'' is the German form of “all's well that ends well”.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}