operio Latin · revision 3492

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Naevius|origins=ine-pro *h₂uer-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ɔˈpɛ.ri.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [oˈpɛː.ri.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''operiō''' (present infinitive operīre, perfect active operuī, supine opertum); fourth conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*op-wer-i(e)-|t=to cover up]], from [[m|la|ob-]] and [[ine-pro|*h₂uer-i(e)-|t=to cover]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) It is the counterpart of [[aperio|alt=aperiō]] “to open”, from *ap-wer-.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ Cognate with [[sa|अपिवृणोति|tr=apivṛṇoti|t=to close, cover]] and [[osc|veru|t=gates]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Naevius onwards.^(de Vaan 2008) In Plautus someone “went off and shut the door”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its first sense was to shut or close a door, and then to cover or spread over something to protect it, as in Cato's straw spread over seedlings in winter.^(OLD 2012) It meant to cover a whole surface, to clothe or wrap someone, as Cato's women “covered in gold and purple”, to bury, and to hide from sight.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ Figuratively it meant to conceal or dissemble, to overwhelm, and of a sin, to atone for it.^(Wiktionary) Its compound ''cooperire'' gave Old French ''covrir'' and English ''cover'' in the mid-12th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of shutting a door.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of covering seedlings and of women covered in gold.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-12th century – English ''cover'' comes from its compound ''cooperire''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To shut, [[m|en|close]] (a door).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|cover]], overspread.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To cover the whole surface of.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To clothe, wrap, envelop.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To hide from sight, [[m|en|conceal]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To overwhelm, burden.^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(of a sin)'' To atone for, cause to be forgotten.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[adoperiō]]

+ * [[cooperiō]]

+ * [[deoperiō]]

+ * [[inopertus]]

+ * [[operculum]]

+ * [[operīmentum]]

+ * [[opertiō]]

+ * [[opertō]]

+ * [[opertōrium]]

+ * [[opertum]]

+ * [[opertus]]

+ * [[redoperio]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[aperio]]

+ * [[en|cover]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}