ihm German · revision 34919

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=8th century, Old High German|origins=gem-pro *iz}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ihm''' (dative singular of the personal pronouns [[er]] and [[es]])^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ The two-syllable form ''ime'', ''ihme'' survived here and there into the 17th century (Luther, Logau).^(DWB|10, 2047)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|im]], [[inh|goh|imu]], the dative of the pronoun [[er]], from the pronominal stem of [[gem-pro|*iz|t=he]].^(Kluge 2011|438)^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary) The same form is [[osx|imu]] and [[got|𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰|tr=imma]], while Old Norse, Old English and Old Frisian built the dative on a stem with initial /h/.^(Kluge 2011|438)^(DWB|10, 2047) The Grimms explain the Gothic ending as an old pronominal dative suffix also found in Sanskrit;^(DWB|10, 2047) Kluge reconstructs slightly different preforms for the Gothic and the West Germanic words.^(Kluge 2011|438) The stem goes back to the pronoun [[ine-pro|*ís]], seen in [[la|is|t=he, that one]] and [[lt|jis|t=he]].^(Wiktionary)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''imu'' is recorded from the 8th century.^(Kluge 2011|438) Beside it stood ''imo'' and ''ime''.^(Wiktionary DE)^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Middle High German the unstressed form ''im'' became usual, and ''ime'' survived only here and there into the 17th century.^(DWB|10, 2047) Fischart's ''imo'' is not the Old High German form but a new formation of the 16th century, like ''dero'' and ''ihro''.^(DWB|10, 2047)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 8th century – Old High German ''imu'' is recorded.^(Kluge 2011|438)

+ * 16th century – Fischart writes ''imo'', a new formation.^(DWB|10, 2047)

+ * 17th century – The last records of ''ihme'' (Logau).^(DWB|10, 2047)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Pronoun===

+ # Dative of [[er]]: (to) [[m|en|him]]: ''Ich habe ihm ein Buch geschenkt.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Dative of [[es]]: (to) it, of a neuter noun: ''Das Kind weint, gib ihm den Ball.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[er]]

+ * [[es]]

+ * [[ihn]]

+ * [[ihr]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}