Samstag German · revision 34918

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=borrowing, compound|attested=c. 830, Tatian|origins=hbo שַׁבָּת}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈzamstaːk/, /ˈzamstax/, /ˈzamstaːx/^(Wiktionary)

+ * Austria, Bavaria, Southern-Germany: [sɑmsd̥ɑɡ̥]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Samstag''' ''m'' (genitive Samstages or Samstags, plural Samstage)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|sameztac]], [[inh|goh|sambaztag]], a compound whose first part was borrowed before the High German consonant shift, with [[m|goh|tag|t=day]] added to make it clearer.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(EWA|7, 942) Pfeifer and the EWA take the first part as [[bor|got|*𐍃𐌰𐌼𐌱𐌰𐍄𐍉|tr=*sambatō]], a word of the Gothic Arian mission that came up the Danube to the southeast of the German-speaking area and spread from there;^(Pfeifer 1993)^(EWA|7, 942)^(Wiktionary) Kluge derives it from [[la|sabbatum]], with a nasal that was probably already Vulgar Greek, and counts it among the words taken over from the classical and Christian world even before the Germanic peoples became Christian.^(Kluge 2011|785) The Duden also thinks the Arian mission possible.^(Duden 7 2020)

+

+ The nasal form goes back to a Vulgar Greek form [[m|grc|σάμβατον|tr=sámbaton]] beside [[grc|σάββατον|tr=sábbaton|t=sabbath]], the source of the Bible Gothic [[m|got|𐍃𐌰𐌱𐌱𐌰𐍄𐍉|tr=sabbatō]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary) The same nasal form spread to [[ro|sâmbătă]], [[hu|szombat]] and [[cu|сѫбота|tr=sǫbota]], and French [[m|fr|samedi]] shows it too.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary)^(Kluge 2011|785) The Greek word comes from [[hbo|שַׁבָּת|tr=šabbāṯ|t=day of rest]].^(Kluge 2011|785)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''sambaztag'' is first recorded in the Tatian (about 830), and then in Otfrid, Notker and glosses, meaning both the Jewish [[Sabbat]] and Saturday.^(Köbler AHD)^(EWA|7, 942)^(Schützeichel 2012|272)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Kluge notes that Saturday is the only day of the week whose name contains no Germanic god in any Germanic language.^(Kluge 2011|785) Beside ''Samstag'' there are [[Sonnabend]], probably spread by the Anglo-Saxon mission, and the northwestern ''Satertag'', a partial translation of Latin ''diēs Sāturnī'' “Saturn's day”.^(EWA|7, 942)^(Kluge 2011|785)

+

+ ''Samstag'' was originally the word of southern Germany and the Rhineland, and ''Sonnabend'' that of the north and centre.^(Paul 2002)^(Duden 7 2020) It is now used in western and southern Germany, Austria and Switzerland,^(EWA|7, 942) and it tends to spread over the whole language;^(Paul 2002) Wiktionary calls it dominant except in the former East Germany.^(Wiktionary) From the 15th century it is often spelled with an inserted /p/ or /b/: ''sampstag'', ''sambstag''.^(DWB|14, 1755)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 830 – Old High German ''sambaztag'' is used in the Tatian.^(Köbler AHD)

+ * 863–871 – Otfrid uses ''sambaztag''.^(EWA|7, 942)

+ * 1517 – Geiler von Kaysersberg writes ''sampstag''.^(DWB|14, 1755)

+ * 16th century – Hans Sachs writes ''sambstag''.^(DWB|14, 1755)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|Saturday]], the sixth day of the week beginning with Monday.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[samstags]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Sabbat]]

+ * [[Sonnabend]]

+ * [[fr|samedi]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Langer Samstag'' was formerly the first Saturday of the month, when shops stayed open in the afternoon.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}