ganz German · revision 34912

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=3rd quarter of the 8th century, Old High German glosses|origins=gmw-pro *gant}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ɡan(t)s/, [ɡant͡s]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ganz''' (strong nominative masculine singular ganzer, not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|ganz]], [[inh|goh|ganz|t=sound, unhurt, complete]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*gant]].^(Kluge 2011|332)^(Wiktionary)^(EWA|4, 71) The word was at first confined to High German and spread northwards: [[gml|gans]], [[dum|gans]] and [[ofs|gans]] are taken from it, and [[da|ganske]] and [[sv|ganska|t=quite]] in turn from Low German or Dutch.^(EWA|4, 71)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kroonen 2013) Low German had its own word for “whole”, [[nds|hêl]], the counterpart of [[heil]].^(DWB|4, 1286)^(EWA|4, 71)

+

+ Its origin is not certain.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|299)^(Duden GWDS 1999) Kluge sees the closest match outside Germanic in the comparative [[olt|gandžiaus|t=on the contrary, rather]] and [[lt|gandėti|alt=gandė́ti|t=to be satisfied]], from [[ine-pro|*gʰond-]], and with a simpler root [[ine-pro|*gʰon-]] in [[sa|घन|tr=ghaná|t=compact, firm, dense]] and [[m|lt|ganà|t=enough]]; the starting sense would then be “enough, ready”, although no clear verbal base exists.^(Kluge 2011|332) Pfeifer connects the same words with [[ine-pro|*gʷʰen-|t=to swell, abound]].^(Pfeifer 1993) Kroonen rejects the Lithuanian comparison, because those words are late derivatives of the word for “enough”, and leaves the etymology open.^(Kroonen 2013)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''ganz'' is first recorded in glosses of the third quarter of the 8th century, and then in the Weißenburg Catechism, Otfrid and Notker, meaning “healthy, sound, unhurt, whole, complete, perfect”, for Latin ''integer'', ''incolumis'' and ''sanus''.^(EWA|4, 71)^(Köbler AHD)^(Schützeichel 2012|122)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The oldest sense, “unhurt, sound, healthy”, was still used by Schiller (''der Graf lebt und ist ganz'').^(Paul 2002) From it came “whole, complete”, in which ''ganz'' partly displaced [[all]].^(Paul 2002) The adverb grew out of the adjective used as a predicative complement, as in ''das Brot ist ganz verzehrt''; it came to mean “completely” and then, weakened, “quite, fairly”.^(Paul 2002) Before place names without an article the word stays uninflected, as in Luther's ''vber gantz Egyptenland''.^(Paul 2002) Its use with a plural to mean “all” (''die ganzen Leute'') is colloquial, especially in the north, but already found in Luther.^(Paul 2002)^(Duden GWDS 1999)

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+ In Early New High German ''ganz'' was also used of male animals in the sense “not castrated”, as Middle High German ''ganzer ohse'' “bull” shows earlier.^(FWB)^(Lexer 1872|1, 737) The verb [[ergänzen]] “to complete” appeared in the 16th century,^(Pfeifer 1993) and the phrase ''ganz Ohr sein'' “to be all ears” around 1750.^(Paul 2002) English took the psychological term ''Ganzfeld'' in 1973.^(LWP)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 3rd quarter of the 8th century – Old High German ''ganz'' appears in glosses.^(Köbler AHD)

+ * 1060–1080 – Middle High German ''ganz'' is used in the Genesis.^(Köbler MHD)

+ * 1236 – Dutch ''gans'' “whole” is recorded.^(LWP)

+ * 16th century – ''ergänzen'' “to complete” appears.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * c. 1750 – ''ganz Ohr sein'' “to be all ears” is recorded.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1973 – English borrows ''Ganzfeld''.^(LWP)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|whole]], [[m|en|entire]], all of: ''das ganze Dorf''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(colloquial, with a plural noun)'' All: ''die ganzen Nachbarn''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(colloquial)'' Undamaged, [[m|en|intact]]: ''die Vase ist noch ganz''.^(Wiktionary)^(Paul 2002)

+ # Complete, undivided: ''eine ganze Stunde'';^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary) ''(mathematics)'' ''eine ganze Zahl'', an [[m|en|integer]].^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(in some combinations)'' Real, true: ''ein ganzer Kerl''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # Completely, wholly: ''ganz allein''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Quite, fairly: ''ganz gut''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Very: ''ganz leise''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ergänzen]]

+ * [[Gänze]]

+ * [[Ganzheit]]

+ * [[gänzlich]]

+ * [[Ganzfeld]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[heil]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Ganz und gar'' means “completely”, and ''ganz und gar nicht'' “not at all”.^(Duden GWDS 1999) ''Im Großen und Ganzen'' means “on the whole”.^(Wiktionary)^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}