dort German · revision 34901

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=863–871, Otfrid|origins=gem-pro *þar}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /dɔʁt/, [dɔʁt], [dɔɐ̯t]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dort''' (adverb; archaic and regional by-form ''dorten'')^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|dort]], [[inh|goh|tharot]], beside [[m|goh|dorot]] and [[m|goh|thorot]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*þārud|t=thither]].^(Kluge 2011|212)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary) It was formed from [[gem-pro|*þar|t=there]], the short-vowelled variant of the adverb behind [[da]], with a West Germanic suffix that marked direction, also seen in [[goh|herot|t=hither]] beside [[m|goh|hier|t=here]] and in [[m|goh|warot|t=whither]].^(Kluge 2011|212)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Orel 2003) The formation is found only in German and its neighbours: [[osx|tharod|t=thither]], [[gml|dōrt]] and [[ofs|thard|t=thither]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020) Dutch, English and the Scandinavian languages use other words for “there”.^(DWB|2, 1304)

+

+ Pfeifer and Orel connect the suffix with [[sa|उत|tr=utá|t=and, also]] and [[grc|ἠύτε|tr=ēúte|t=just as]], and so with the pronominal root [[ine-pro|*au-|t=that one]];^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Orel 2003) the revised Grimms' dictionary considers either a link with the ending of [[la|aliuta|t=otherwise]] or with the suffix of [[-wärts]].^(DWB2|6, 1286)

+

+ Forms with umlaut, [[m|goh|teret]] in Notker, [[m|gmh|dert]] and dialect forms with ⟨ö⟩ and ⟨e⟩, are explained by the frequent combination of the adverb with the present tense of [[sein]].^(AWB|2, 311)^(DWB2|6, 1286)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''tharot'' is first recorded in Otfrid (863–871), then in the ''Ludwigslied'' and Notker.^(Köbler AHD)^(Schützeichel 2012|69) It first meant “thither”, as Old Saxon ''tharod'' still did: in the ''Ludwigslied'' (881/2) God ''hiez her Hluduigan tharot sar ritan'' “bade Louis ride there at once”.^(DWB2|6, 1286)^(Duden 7 2020) Already in Old High German it could also mean “there, in that place”.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From Middle High German on, ''dort'' means “in that place”, pointing more emphatically than ''da'' to a place away from the speaker.^(Duden 7 2020)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DWB2|6, 1286) Middle High German also used it for “in the other world, in the life to come”, as opposed to ''hie'' “here, in this life”.^(Lexer 1872|1, 454)^(FWB) Adelung, around 1800, still cites ''hier und dort glücklich'' “happy here and hereafter”.^(Adelung 1793)

+

+ Around 1500 a by-form ''dorten'' appeared, modelled on ''oben'' and ''drüben''; it is now regional or elevated.^(Paul 2002)^(Pfeifer 1993) The adjective [[dortig]] is dated to the 14th century by Paul, but to the 16th century by Pfeifer and the Duden, who say it became common in the 18th.^(Paul 2002)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020) Luther still used ''dortwärts'', where the old sense of direction shows through.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 863–871 – Old High German ''tharot'' is used by Otfrid.^(Köbler AHD)

+ * 881/2 – The ''Ludwigslied'' uses ''tharot'' for “thither”.^(DWB2|6, 1286)

+ * c. 1000 – Notker has the umlauted form ''teret''.^(DWB2|6, 1286)^(AWB|2, 311)

+ * c. 1500 – The by-form ''dorten'' appears.^(Paul 2002)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 16th century – ''dortig'' is recorded according to Pfeifer.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # At that [[m|en|place]], [[m|en|there]], usually further from the speaker than ''da'': ''Siehst du den Turm dort drüben?''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # ''(with prepositions)'' ''von dort'' “from there”, ''nach dort'' “to there”.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dortig]]

+ * [[dorthin]]

+ * [[dorther]]

+ * [[dorten]]

+ * [[alldort]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[da]]

+ * [[hier]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A separate masculine noun ''Dort'', also ''Durt'', from Old High German ''turd'', names weeds growing in cereal fields such as darnel and brome; it is recorded from an 8th-century gloss on ''zizania'' and is still found in Austria, but its origin is uncertain.^(DWB2|6, 1288)^(Adelung 1793)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}