zweite German · revision 34891

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=14th century|origins=ine-pro *duu̯ō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * [ˈtsvaɪ̯tə]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''zweite''' (ordinal numeral; strong nominative masculine singular ''zweiter''; no predicative form)^(Wiktionary)

+ In the 17th and especially the 18th century the forms ''zweete'' and ''zwote'' were also used, after the old masculine ''zween'' and feminine ''zwo'' of [[zwei]].^(DWB|32, 1074)^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|de|zwei|-te]], a late formation on the model of the other ordinal numbers.^(DWB|32, 1074)^(Paul 2002)^(Wiktionary) It replaced [[ander]], the older ordinal for “second”.^(Kluge 2011|1019)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002) The sources differ on the date: the Grimms' dictionary and Pfeifer find it first in the 14th century, Paul at the end of the 14th century, Kluge in the 15th.^(DWB|32, 1074)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)^(Kluge 2011|1019)

+

+ The base [[zwei]] continues [[goh|zwei]], the neuter of the Old High German numeral, which goes back to [[ine-pro|*duu̯ō|t=two]], as do [[en|two]], [[la|duo]] and [[grc|δύο|tr=dúo]].^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Grimms' dictionary finds ''zweite'' first in the 14th century, in place of ''ander''; until the 17th century it is only thinly recorded, because ''ander'' lived on beside it.^(DWB|32, 1074) A 15th-century glossary renders Latin ''secundus'' with ''zweide''.^(DWB|32, 1074)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Besides simple counting, ''zweite'' also came to mean “another, a further one”, where the idea of order recedes.^(DWB|32, 1074) ''Ander'' in the sense “second” still survives in dialects such as Swabian.^(DWB|32, 1074) The adverb [[zweitens]] is recorded from the 17th century.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ Paul dates ''zur zweiten Natur werden'' “to become second nature” to the early 19th century, after Cicero's saying that habit is a kind of second nature, and ''das zweite Gesicht'' “second sight” to 1844 (Ernst Moritz Arndt), after English ''second sight''.^(Paul 2002) ''Zu zweit'' “in twos, as a pair” hardly appears before the 19th century, beside older ''zu zweien'', and new compounds in ''Zweit-'' such as [[Zweitwagen]] and [[Zweitwohnung]] are recent.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 14th century – ''zweite'' is first recorded, replacing ''ander''.^(DWB|32, 1074)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 15th century – A glossary gives ''zweide'' for Latin ''secundus''.^(DWB|32, 1074)

+ * 17th century – The adverb ''zweitens'' appears;^(Pfeifer 1993) the forms ''zweete'' and ''zwote'' come into use.^(DWB|32, 1074)

+ * 18th century – Goethe writes ''zweeten'' and Schiller ''zwoten''.^(DWB|32, 1074)^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1844 – ''Das zweite Gesicht'' “second sight” is used by Ernst Moritz Arndt.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Numeral===

+ # [[m|en|second]]: coming after the first in order: ''ihr zweites Buch'', ''der Zweite Weltkrieg''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Another, a further one like the first: ''ein zweiter Goethe'' (an outstanding poet).^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(DWB|32, 1074)

+ # ''(as a noun,'' der/die Zweite'')'' The [[m|en|runner-up]], the person in second place.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[zweitens]]

+ * [[Zweitwagen]]

+ * [[Zweitwohnung]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[zwei]]

+ * [[ander]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}