international German · revision 34869

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1833}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˌɪntɐnat͡si̯oˈnaːl/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''international''' (strong nominative masculine singular internationaler, not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|en|international]], a word coined in 1789 by the jurist Jeremy Bentham in his “Principles of Morals and Legislation”, in the phrase [[m|en|international law]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DFWB)^(Paul 2002) Bentham meant it to express the Latin [[m|la|jūs gentium|t=law of nations]], which he thought should rather be understood as [[m|la|jūs inter gentēs|t=law between nations]].^(DFWB) He formed it from [[la|inter|t=between]] and [[en|national]].^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch) In German it can be analysed as [[inter-]] and [[national]].^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The English term was quoted in German in 1833 in a handbook of international law; in 1841 a German author introduced ''internationales Privatrecht'', noting that German had lacked such a word.^(DFWB) Paul dates the adjective to 1839.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In law the word did not displace the old term ''Völkerrecht''.^(DFWB)^(Paul 2002) From about 1850 it became very popular outside legal language, in the general sense “not limited to one nation”; a writer of 1888 thought the international exhibitions held since 1851 had done most to spread it.^(DFWB)^(Pfeifer 1993) The noun ''Internationale'' comes from the International Workingmen's Association founded in London in 1864 and later also names its anthem.^(Paul 2002) The word is now positive in connotation, but in the National Socialist period it was used pejoratively for “un-German”.^(Paul 2002) Hungarian took ''internacionális'' in 1841.^(LWP)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1789 – Jeremy Bentham coins English ''international''.^(DFWB)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1833 – The English term is quoted in a German handbook of international law.^(DFWB)

+ * 1839 – Paul's first record of the German adjective.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1841 – ''internationales Privatrecht'' is introduced;^(DFWB)^(LWP) Hungarian ''internacionális'' is recorded.^(DFWB)^(LWP)

+ * c. 1850 – The word spreads outside legal language.^(DFWB)

+ * 1864 – The International Workingmen's Association is founded, the source of ''Internationale''.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Between several states, [[m|en|intergovernmental]]: ''internationale Verträge''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Not limited to one nation, involving several countries, [[m|en|worldwide]]: ''ein internationales Turnier''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Internationale]]

+ * [[Internationalismus]]

+ * [[Internationalität]]

+ * [[internationalisieren]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[national]]

+ * [[Nation]]

+ * [[en|international]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}