Präsident German · revision 34865

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=16th century|origins=la sedeō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * [pʁɛziˈdɛnt], [pʁeziˈdɛnt]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Präsident''' ''m'' (genitive Präsidenten, plural Präsidenten, feminine Präsidentin)^(Wiktionary)

+ The older spelling was ''president''.^(DWB|13, 2073)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|fr|président]], from [[la|praesidēns|t=presiding, commanding]], the present participle of [[m|la|praesideō|t=to preside, lead, command]], used as a noun.^(Kluge 2011|720)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden GWDS 1999) That verb is formed from [[m|la|prae-|t=before]] and [[m|la|sedeō|t=to sit]], so that it first meant “to sit in front”.^(Kluge 2011|720)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch) Kluge dates the borrowing to the 16th century;^(Kluge 2011|720)^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch) Wahrig derives the word directly from the Latin.^(Kluge 2011|720)^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch) The same word is [[nl|president]], [[en|president]] and [[sv|president]].^(Kluge 2011|720)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The word is recorded from the 16th century for the chair of a body such as an assembly or a court, and for a governor or administrator.^(FWB)^(Pfeifer 1993) The Grimms' dictionary quotes it from Sebastian Franck's world chronicle, who describes the four chambers of the Paris parlement, each with its ''president''.^(DWB|13, 2073) It also quotes Roth's dictionary of 1571.^(DWB|13, 2073)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The sense “head of state of a republic” is added in the modern dictionaries to the older senses “chair of a meeting” and “head of an important public body or institution”.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden GWDS 1999) The verb [[präsidieren]] was borrowed in the 16th century from French [[m|fr|présider]], and [[Präsidium]] in the 19th century from Latin ''praesidium''.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2007) German ''Präsident'' was borrowed into Polish as ''prezydent''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 16th century – The word is borrowed from French;^(Kluge 2011|720)^(Pfeifer 1993) ''präsidieren'' also appears.^(Kluge 2011|720)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1571 – Roth's dictionary records ''president''.^(DWB|13, 2073)

+ * 19th century – ''Präsidium'' is borrowed.^(Duden 7 2007)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|president]], head of state of a republic.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The [[m|en|chairman]] or head of an association, organization or institution: ''der Präsident des Fußballvereins''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The elected head of a university.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Präsidentin]]

+ * [[präsidieren]]

+ * [[Präsidium]]

+ * [[Bundespräsident]]

+ * [[Ministerpräsident]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Residenz]]

+ * [[en|president]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}