Freitag German · revision 34860

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=calque|attested=c. 830, Old High German Tatian|origins=la-lat Veneris diēs}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈfʁaɪ̯taːk/, /ˈfʁaɪ̯tax/, /ˈfʁaɪ̯taːx/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Freitag''' ''m'' (genitive Freitages or Freitags, plural Freitage)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|vrītac]], [[inh|goh|frīatag]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*Frījā dag|t=day of Frija]].^(Kluge 2011|317)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary) Like the other names of weekdays it is a loan translation, [[der|la-lat|Veneris diēs|t=day of Venus]]: the Germanic peoples equated the Roman goddess of love with their goddess Frija, the wife of Wodan.^(Kluge 2011|317)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2014|302)^(Paul 2002) The Latin name was itself modelled on [[grc|Ἀφροδίτης ἡμέρα|tr=Aphrodítēs hēméra|t=day of Aphrodite]], and it lives on in [[fr|vendredi]] and [[it|venerdì]].^(Kluge 2011|317)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ The same formation is [[ofs|frīadei]], [[ang|frīgedæg]] and [[gml|vrīdach]], and today [[nl|vrijdag]], [[en|Friday]] and [[sv|fredag]].^(Kluge 2011|317)^(DWB2|9, 973) The goddess's name, [[goh|Frīa]], [[non|Frigg]], meant “the beloved”;^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2014|302) Pfeifer and the Duden connect it with the root of [[frei]] and with [[sa|प्रिया|tr=priyā́|t=beloved]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2014|302)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The earliest record is in the Old High German Tatian of about 830, where ''frigetag'' is the day on which the chief priests and Pharisees came to Pilate;^(DWB2|9, 973)^(Kluge 2011|317) Kluge dates the word to the 9th century.^(DWB2|9, 973)^(Kluge 2011|317)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The meaning has stayed the same since Old High German: the day between Thursday and Saturday.^(DWB2|9, 973)^(Duden GWDS 1999) The Middle High German form ''vrītac'' is found from the ''Bücher Mosis'' (1130–1140) on, and medieval charters were often dated by it, “on the next Friday after Saint Lucy's day”.^(Köbler MHD)^(DWB2|9, 973) ''Der stille Freitag'' and ''der gute Freitag'' were old names of Good Friday, now [[Karfreitag]].^(DWB|4, 122)^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ The Grimms' dictionary also records the sense “free day”, and the German Wiktionary treats ''Freitag'' “day off” as a compound of [[frei]] and [[Tag]].^(DWB|4, 122)^(Wiktionary DE) ''Ein schwarzer Freitag'' is a day of financial disaster, after Friday 24 September 1869, when speculation ruined many American investors.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 830 – Old High German ''frigetag'' is used in the Tatian.^(DWB2|9, 973)

+ * 1130–1140 – Middle High German ''vrītac'' appears in the ''Bücher Mosis''.^(Köbler MHD)

+ * 1350 – A Strasbourg charter is dated by the Friday after Saint Lucy's day.^(DWB2|9, 973)

+ * 1869 – A Friday of financial collapse in the United States gives the phrase ''schwarzer Freitag''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|Friday]], the fifth day of the week, between Thursday and Saturday.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(rare)'' A free day, a day off.^(Wiktionary DE)^(DWB|4, 122)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Karfreitag]]

+ * [[freitags]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[frei]]

+ * [[Dienstag]]

+ * [[Donnerstag]]

+ * [[en|Friday]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}