bieten German · revision 34856

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=late 8th century, Old High German Isidor|origins=ine-pro *bʰewdʰ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈbiːtən/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''bieten''' (class 2 strong, third-person singular present bietet, past tense bot, past participle geboten, past subjunctive böte, auxiliary haben)^(Wiktionary)

+ The older present forms ''beutst'', ''beut'' were common in prose until the first half of the 18th century and later survived in poetry.^(Paul 2002)^(DWB2|5, 206)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|bieten]], [[inh|goh|biotan]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*beudan]], [[inh|gem-pro|*beudaną|t=to offer, bid]].^(Kluge 2011|121)^(Wiktionary)^(EWA|2, 90) The same verb is [[got|𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽|tr=anabiudan|t=to command]] and [[m|got|𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽|tr=faurbiudan|t=to forbid]], [[non|bjóða]], [[ang|bēodan]], [[ofs|biada]] and [[osx|biodan]], and today [[nl|bieden]] and [[sv|bjuda]].^(Kluge 2011|121)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(EWA|2, 90) The English verb [[m|en|bid]] continues the Old English verb, merged with the verb corresponding to [[bitten]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(EWA|2, 90)

+

+ The root is [[ine-pro|*bʰewdʰ-]], whose meanings Kluge traces back to “bring to awareness, become aware”: [[sa|बोधति|tr=bódhati|t=wakes, observes, understands]], [[grc|πεύθομαι|tr=peúthomai|t=to learn, inquire]], [[cu|бъдѣти|tr=bŭděti|t=to be awake]] and [[lt|bùsti|t=to wake up]].^(Kluge 2011|121)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|148) How the Germanic sense “to offer” developed from this is not clear;^(Kluge 2011|121)^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch) Kluge thinks that prefixed verbs played a part.^(Kluge 2011|121)^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch) Pfeifer and the Duden mention the name of the Buddha, “the awakened one”, from the same Sanskrit root.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|148)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The verb is first recorded at the end of the 8th century in the Old High German Isidor, in the isolated sense “to proclaim, teach”: ''in dhem dhrim heidim scal man ziuuaare eina gotnissa beodan'' “in the three persons one must proclaim one Godhead”.^(DWB2|5, 206)^(Köbler AHD) Otfrid (863–871) and Notker use it for “to offer, hold out”.^(DWB2|5, 206)^(Schützeichel 2012|51)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Paul distinguishes an older sense “to let know, announce”, which lives on in [[entbieten]] and is connected with [[Bote]] and [[verbieten]], and the sense “to hold out, offer”, which is usual today.^(Paul 2002) The simple verb could also mean “to command”, the sense later taken over by [[gebieten]].^(Duden 7 2020|148)^(FWB) In Middle High German ''hōhe bieten'' meant to stake high in a game.^(Lexer 1872|1, 269)

+

+ Fixed phrases include ''jemandem die Hand bieten'' “to help, offer reconciliation” and ''jemandem die Stirn bieten'' “to defy someone”.^(Paul 2002)^(Duden GWDS 1999) The reflexive ''sich etwas bieten lassen'' “to put up with something” and the sense “to bid at an auction” belong to modern German.^(Paul 2002)^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 8th century – Old High German ''biotan'' appears in Isidor.^(DWB2|5, 206)^(Köbler AHD)

+ * 863–871 – Otfrid uses it in the sense “to offer”.^(DWB2|5, 206)

+ * 1741 – Frisch records the sense “to summon” as obsolete.^(Paul 2002)

+ * First half of the 18th century – The present forms ''beut'', ''beutst'' go out of ordinary use.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|offer]], make available: ''jemandem eine Stelle bieten''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|bid]], make an offer at an auction or in a card game.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(reflexive)'' To arise, present itself: ''eine Chance bietet sich''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(formal)'' To hold out, hand: ''jemandem den Arm bieten''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # To present, show: ''einen traurigen Anblick bieten''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # In ''sich etwas bieten lassen'': to put up with something.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[anbieten]]

+ * [[Angebot]]

+ * [[aufbieten]]

+ * [[Aufgebot]]

+ * [[darbieten]]

+ * [[Darbietung]]

+ * [[entbieten]]

+ * [[erbieten]]

+ * [[Ehrerbietung]]

+ * [[gebieten]]

+ * [[Gebieter]]

+ * [[gebieterisch]]

+ * [[Gebiet]]

+ * [[Gebot]]

+ * [[verbieten]]

+ * [[Verbot]]

+ * [[überbieten]]

+ * [[unterbieten]]

+ * [[feilbieten]]

+ * [[Bieter]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Bote]]

+ * [[Büttel]]

+ * [[en|bid]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}