September German · revision 34851

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1261, Middle High German charters|origins=la septem}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /zɛpˈtɛmbɐ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''September''' ''m'' (genitive Septembers or September, plural September)^(Wiktionary)

+ The earliest New High German also has the Italian-sounding form ''setember'' or ''settember'', used regularly by the Augsburg chronicler Wilhelm Rem (1512–1527).^(DWB|16, 616)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|september]], [[bor|la|september]], short for [[m|la|mēnsis|t=month]] September, from [[m|la|septem|t=seven]].^(Kluge 2011|844)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|777) The Romans called it so because it was the seventh month of their old calendar year, which began in March, and the name was kept after the reform of the calendar, when the year began in January.^(Kluge 2011|844)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|777) The Latin numeral is related to [[sieben]], while the ending of the month name is of unclear origin.^(Duden 7 2020|777)^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch) The same Latin name is used in [[nl|september]], [[en|September]], [[fr|septembre]] and [[sv|september]].^(Kluge 2011|844)

+

+ Kluge dates the borrowing to the 14th century, while Köbler records the Middle High German word in charters from 1261 onwards.^(Kluge 2011|844)^(Köbler MHD)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Middle High German ''september'' is recorded in charters from 1261 on, and Konrad of Megenberg explains it as ''der ander augst'', “the second August”, ''der ze latein september haiʒt'' (“which is called September in Latin”).^(Köbler MHD)^(DWB|16, 616) Before it, Old High German used native names: according to Einhard, Charlemagne called the month ''witumānōd'' “wood month”, from ''witu'' “firewood”, and ''herbistmānōd'' “autumn month” was also used.^(Paul 2002)^(Duden 7 2020|777) Köbler records ''herbistmānōd'' from about 830–840, Pfeifer from the 11th century.^(Köbler AHD)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The Latin name became the standard term, but ''Herbstmonat'' long remained the usual native name, and the Grimms list many regional names, such as ''Michelsmonat'' after Michaelmas, ''Saumonat'', ''Haberaugst'' and Low German ''Hawersnit''.^(DWB|16, 616) Purists proposed ''Hartmond'' (Philipp von Zesen) and ''Obstmonat'' as German replacements.^(DWB|16, 616) Weather lore attached to the month, as in the saying ''wenn der September noch donnern kann, so setzen die Bäume viel Blüten an'' (“if September can still thunder, the trees set many blossoms”).^(DWB|16, 616) Kashubian ''zeptember'' and Modern Hebrew ''september'' were borrowed from German.^(Wiktionary)^(LWP)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 830–840 – Old High German ''herbistmānōd'' “autumn month” is recorded.^(Köbler AHD)

+ * 1261 – Middle High German ''september'' appears in charters.^(Köbler MHD)

+ * 14th century – Kluge's date for the borrowing.^(Kluge 2011|844)

+ * 1512–1527 – Wilhelm Rem of Augsburg writes ''setember''.^(DWB|16, 616)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|September]], the ninth month of the year; abbreviated ''Sept.'' or ''Sep.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sieben]]

+ * [[Herbstmonat]]

+ * [[en|September]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}