sogar German · revision 34848

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=1561, Maaler (as so gar)}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /zoˈɡaːɐ̯/, /soˈɡ̥aːɐ̯/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sogar''' (adverb, focus particle; stressed on the second syllable)^(DWB|16, 1405)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|de|so|gar]], at first written separately and meaning “so completely, so much”.^(Duden 7 2020|789)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002) Its present use, singling out something unexpected, developed in the early 18th century.^(Paul 2002)^(Duden 7 2020|789)^(Pfeifer 1993) The first part continues [[goh|sō]], [[gem-pro|*swa]] beside [[m|gem-pro|*swē]], the same word as [[got|𐍃𐍅𐌰|tr=swa]] and [[en|so]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kroonen 2013)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Maaler's dictionary of 1561 gives ''so gar edel'' “so wholly noble”, with the older sense.^(Paul 2002)^(DWB|16, 1405) The modern sense is first recorded, still written separately, in Kramer's German–Italian dictionary: ''der Straußvogel kan auch so gar Eisen verdauen'' “the ostrich can even digest iron”.^(DWB|16, 1405)^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Stieler records the spelling as one word, and Pfeifer and the Duden date it to the 17th century, but the separate spelling still prevailed in 18th-century literature, as in Rabener and Klinger.^(DWB|16, 1405)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|789) Adelung still treated the word under ''gar''.^(Adelung 1793)^(DWB|16, 1405) In Switzerland plain ''gar'' was still used instead in the 19th century, and the word is not found in the dialects.^(DWB|16, 1405)

+

+ Until the 19th century it could open a sentence with the verb immediately after it, as in Goethe's letters (''sogar habe ich wieder Lust zum Götz'') and often in Mörike.^(Paul 2002) Today it also adds a stronger statement to a weaker one, “more than that, indeed”.^(Paul 2002)^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 16th century – The phrase ''so gar'' “so completely” is in use.^(Duden 7 2020|789)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1561 – Maaler records ''so gar edel''.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 17th century – The joined spelling ''sogar'' appears.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|789)

+ * Early 18th century – Kramer records the modern intensifying sense.^(Paul 2002)^(DWB|16, 1405)

+ * 19th century – Sentence-initial ''sogar'' with the verb directly after it goes out of use.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|even]]: stresses that something is unexpected or goes beyond what was assumed: ''Er hat sogar die Fenster geputzt.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # More than that, indeed: adds a stronger term to a weaker one: ''Ich mag sie, ich bewundere sie sogar.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[so]]

+ * [[gar]]

+ * [[sogleich]]

+ * [[sofort]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}