Straße German · revision 34823

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=3rd quarter of the 8th century, Old High German glosses|origins=la sternō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈʃtʁaːsə/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Straße''' ''f'' (genitive Straße, plural Straßen, diminutive Sträßchen n or Sträßlein n)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|strāze]], [[inh|goh|strāza]], [[bor|la-lat|strāta|t=paved road]], from [[la|via strāta|t=paved way]], originally a military road.^(Kluge 2011|890)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|829) [[m|la|strāta]] is the feminine past participle of [[m|la|sternō|t=to spread out, strew, level]], in the sense “to pave a road with stones”; the verb is related to [[streuen]].^(Duden 7 2020|829)^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch) The borrowing was early and common to West Germanic, [[m|gmw-pro|*strātu]]: the same word is [[osx|strāta]], [[ofs|strēte]] and [[ang|strǣt]], and today [[nl|straat]] and [[en|street]].^(Kluge 2011|890)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary) The Latin word also lives on in Romance, as [[it|strada]] and [[es|estrada]].^(Duden 7 2020|829)

+

+ The sense “strait, narrow sea” has a separate source.^(Kluge 2011|890)^(Wiktionary) Kluge calls it a mistranslation of English [[m|en|strait]], and Paul dates “Straße von Gibraltar” to 1675 after the English name.^(Kluge 2011|890)^(Paul 2002) Wiktionary instead sees it as a calque of Middle Low German [[m|gml|strâte]], which matched [[enm|streit]], from [[fro|estreit|t=narrow]], with the native word.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''strāza'' is first recorded in glosses of the third quarter of the 8th century, and then in the Tatian, Otfrid, Notker and Williram, meaning “street, road, way, path”.^(Köbler AHD)^(Schützeichel 2012|316) In Old High German it was also used of the path of the heavenly bodies.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Paul explains that the word first meant a built, paved road outside the towns, and then, first in northern Germany, a way inside a town;^(Paul 2002) Middle High German already distinguished it from the narrower [[Gasse]], as in the formula ''in gazzen unde in strâzen'' “everywhere” in Gottfried von Straßburg.^(Paul 2002) Adelung, around 1800, still described a ''Straße'' as a wide lane in a town, as against a narrow ''Gasse''.^(Adelung 1793)

+

+ ''Auf der Straße'' came to mean “outdoors, in public”, and ''jemanden auf die Straße setzen'' “to throw someone out” is recorded in Middle Low German in 1443.^(Paul 2002) From the 18th century the word also names the people living in a street.^(Paul 2002) Today ''auf die Straße gehen'' also means “to demonstrate”, and compounds such as ''Straßenjunge'' acquired a sense of neglect.^(Paul 2002)^(Duden GWDS 1999) Middle Low German used it for a waterway in 1427.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 3rd quarter of the 8th century – Old High German ''strāza'' appears in glosses.^(Köbler AHD)

+ * 1060–1065 – Middle High German ''strāze'' is used by Williram.^(Köbler MHD)

+ * 1427 – Middle Low German uses the word for a waterway.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1443 – ''jemanden auf die Straße setzen'' is recorded in Middle Low German.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1675 – ''Straße von Gibraltar'' is recorded.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 18th century – The word is used for the residents of a street.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A paved [[m|en|road]] or [[m|en|street]] for vehicles and pedestrians, in a town usually with a carriageway and two pavements: ''eine breite Straße überqueren''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The people who live in a street: ''die ganze Straße feierte mit''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # A [[m|en|strait]]: ''die Straße von Messina''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(poker)'' A [[m|en|straight]].^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Landstraße]]

+ * [[Heerstraße]]

+ * [[Milchstraße]]

+ * [[Straßenbahn]]

+ * [[Straßenkampf]]

+ * [[Straßenverkehr]]

+ * [[Sträßchen]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[streuen]]

+ * [[en|street]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Auf der Straße stehen'' or ''sitzen'' is colloquial for “to be out of work” or “to be homeless”, and ''auf die Straße gehen'' for “to demonstrate”.^(Duden GWDS 1999) ''Der Mann auf der Straße'' is the ordinary citizen.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}