Schule German · revision 34808

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 800, Old High German Benedictine Rule|origins=grc σχολή}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈʃuːlə/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Schule''' ''f'' (genitive Schule, plural Schulen)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|schuole]], [[inh|goh|scuola]], [[bor|la|schola|t=lecture, school]], borrowed in the sphere of the monasteries.^(Kluge 2011|829)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|760)^(Paul 2002) The Old High German diphthong shows that the word was taken over when the Latin vowel had already been lengthened, probably around the 6th century.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kluge 2011|829) The Latin word was itself borrowed from [[grc|σχολή|tr=scholḗ|t=rest, leisure; learned talk, lecture, school]], properly “a pause from work”, which belongs to the stem of [[m|grc|ἔχω|tr=ékhō|t=to have, hold, hold back]].^(Kluge 2011|829)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|760)^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch)

+

+ The word was borrowed in the same way into [[ang|scōl]], [[non|skóli]] and [[gml|schōle]], and it is today [[nl|school]], [[en|school]], [[fr|école]] and [[sv|skola]]; of the Germanic languages only Gothic lacks it.^(Kluge 2011|829)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)

+

+ The sense “shoal of fish” is explained differently.^(Kluge 2011|829)^(Duden GWDS 1999) Kluge derives it from the same word, since Late Latin also used it for a troop of warriors and Greek for various gatherings.^(Kluge 2011|829) The Duden dictionary takes this sense from the English homonym meaning “shoal”, of West Germanic origin (compare [[osx|scola|t=troop, group]]) and perhaps related to [[Scholle]], which was felt to be the same word.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''scuola'' is first recorded in the Benedictine Rule (about 800), and then in glosses and in Notker, meaning “school”.^(Köbler AHD)^(Schützeichel 2012|295) Kluge dates it to the 9th century.^(Kluge 2011|829)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Like [[Kirche]], the word names both the place of teaching, at first including the university (''hohe schuole ze Paris'', about 1300), and the teaching itself, as in ''zur Schule gehen'' (16th century).^(Paul 2002) ''Aus der Schule schwatzen'' (16th century), now ''aus der Schule plaudern'', means “to give away secrets”.^(Paul 2002) From Middle High German on it was used figuratively for training, as in ''ein schuol der tugent'' and ''die Schule des Lebens''; in riding, the ''Hohe Schule'' is the art of advanced dressage, and a [[Baumschule]] is a tree nursery.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ It also came to mean a movement in science or art going back to a master, as in Heine's ''Die romantische Schule'', and ''Schule machen'' “to set an example that others follow”.^(Paul 2002)^(Duden GWDS 1999) The agent noun [[Schüler]], Old High German ''scuolāri'' (9th century), was probably influenced by Late Latin ''scholaris'';^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|760) ''schulen'' “to train” is recorded from the 18th century.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|760) The German word passed into Hungarian as ''suli'' (1900) and into Hebrew.^(LWP)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 800 – Old High German ''scuola'' appears in the Benedictine Rule.^(Köbler AHD)

+ * 9th century – ''scuolāri'' “pupil” is recorded.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * c. 1300 – ''hohe schuole'' is used of the university of Paris.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 16th century – ''zur Schule gehen'' and ''aus der Schule schwatzen'' are recorded.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 18th century – The verb ''schulen'' appears.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1900 – Hungarian ''suli'' is recorded.^(LWP)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|school]], an institution where children and young people are taught: ''eine private Schule besuchen''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A school building.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # Lessons, school as an activity: ''morgen ist keine Schule''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Paul 2002)

+ # Training, [[m|en|schooling]] that develops someone's abilities.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # The teachers and pupils of a school.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Paul 2002)

+ # A movement in art or science that goes back to a master and is carried on by followers.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A textbook for an art or instrument, as in ''Gitarrenschule''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Paul 2002)

+ # Short for [[Baumschule]], a tree [[m|en|nursery]].^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # ''(zoology)'' A [[m|en|shoal]] of fish; also a pod of whales.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(archaic)'' A [[m|en|synagogue]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Schüler]]

+ * [[Schülerin]]

+ * [[schulen]]

+ * [[Schulung]]

+ * [[Baumschule]]

+ * [[Grundschule]]

+ * [[Hochschule]]

+ * [[Schulmedizin]]

+ * [[einschulen]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|school]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}