quadrimus Latin · revision 34759

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la quattuor, la hiems}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [kʷaˈdriː.mʊs], [kʷadˈriː.mʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [kʷaˈdriː.mus], [kʷadˈriː.mus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''quadrīmus''' (feminine quadrīma, neuter quadrīmum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|quadri-|hiems|t1=four|t2=winter]], literally “of four winters”.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan explains the second element as the zero grade of the word for winter that survives in compounds with numerals, as in [[bīmus]] “two years old” and [[trīmus]] “three years old”;^(de Vaan 2008) he traces it to [[ine-pro|*ǵhim-ós|t=winter]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus on,^(de Vaan 2008) of a four-year-old boy stolen by a slave.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it is used of animals (cows put to the bull, mares), of children (Cicero's “four-year-old Cato”), of vines and palms, and of four-year-old wine in Horace.^(OLD 2012) The jurist Alfenus uses it of a term of four years, in a clause on repaying a dowry.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ It survived in Medieval Latin, where Osbern of Gloucester glosses it as “of four years”.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a four-year-old boy.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of cows.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace asks for four-year-old wine.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella uses it of vines.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Four years [[m|en|old]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Lasting or existing for four years.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[quadrīmātus]]

+ * [[quadrīmulus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[bīmus]]

+ * [[trīmus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}