vertigo Latin · revision 34757

20 Oct 2026, 15:44 by bogdan “Latin la10k batch la75zzj grp02-05 (60 entries)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=2nd century BC, Afranius|origins=la vertō}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * Classical: [wɛrˈtiː.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * Ecclesiastical: [verˈtiː.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''vertīgō''' ''f'' (genitive vertīginis); third declension^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[af|la|vertō|-īgō|t1=to turn]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) Wiktionary also mentions a possible derivation from [[m|la|vertex|t=whirl, summit]], with the velar assimilated to the nasal of the suffix in the oblique cases.^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from the comic poet Afranius;^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) Lewis & Short, by contrast, thought it perhaps not found before the Augustan period.^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ Its basic sense is a whirling or spinning movement: of waves in Propertius, of the turning sky and the sea in Ovid, of grinding machines in Apuleius.^(OLD 2012) Persius uses it of the turning around of a slave at his manumission: one turn makes a Roman citizen.^(OLD 2012) Lucan and Gellius extend it to the changing cycle of events and of days and nights.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ From Livy on it also means the sensation of spinning, [[m|en|dizziness]]: some cliffs, Livy says, can hardly be looked down from without dizziness.^(OLD 2012) Seneca and Pliny the Elder use it as a symptom, of drunkenness or of early pregnancy.^(OLD 2012) In British Medieval Latin it is found in both senses, from Aldhelm's turning of the sky.^(DMLBS) English borrowed it in the early 15th century for dizziness.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 2nd century BC – Afranius is the first to use it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of dizziness.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of the turning sky.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 34–62 AD – Persius uses it of the turning of a slave at his manumission.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * early 15th century – English borrows it as [[m|en|vertigo]].^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A whirling or spinning movement, [[m|en|gyration]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # ''(figurative)'' A changing cycle of events or seasons.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A spinning sensation, [[m|en|dizziness]], [[m|en|giddiness]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[vertex]]
+ * [[en|vertigo]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}