quassus Latin · revision 34754
20 Oct 2026, 15:44 by bogdan “Latin la10k batch la75zzj grp02-05 (60 entries)” current version
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+ {{homograph|1|battered}}
+
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=la quatiō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * Classical: [ˈkʷas.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈkʷas.sus]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''quassus''' (feminine quassa, neuter quassum); first/second-declension adjective^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ The adjective “battered” is [[der|la|quatiō|t=to shake]], its past participle.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan finds no secure Indo-European etymology for the verb and thinks it may be of non-Indo-European origin.^(de Vaan 2008)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Varro uses it of cracked jars bound with rushes.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It describes things damaged by shaking or blows: Horace has battered ships repaired, Ovid has a cracked tile, Martial the broken wheel of a muleteer.^(OLD 2012) Of wood it means broken small, of torches and cinnamon in Ovid,^(OLD 2012) and of the voice broken or quavering, in Curtius.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Seneca applies it to a man battered and struggling with old age, Silius Italicus to a stricken city.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 116–27 BC – Varro speaks of cracked jars.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of battered ships.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 1st century AD – Curtius uses it of a quavering voice.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of a man battered by old age.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # [[m|en|battered|alt=Battered]], bruised, [[m|en|cracked]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # Of wood, broken small, chopped.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Of the voice, broken, [[m|en|quaver|alt=quavering]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)
+ # ''(figurative)'' Crushed by misfortune, stricken.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)
+
+ {{homograph|2|shaking}}
+
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=220–130 BC, Pacuvius|origins=la quatiō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * Classical: [ˈkʷas.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈkʷas.sus]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''quassus''' ''m'' (genitive quassūs); fourth declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ The noun “shaking” is [[af|la|quatiō|-tus|t1=to shake]], a noun of action.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ De Vaan dates it from Pacuvius,^(de Vaan 2008) in a line Cicero quotes, where handling and shaking increase the pain of a wounded man.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It is a rare word: besides Pacuvius the OLD cites only Seneca, who calls man a vessel that breaks at any shaking.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 220–130 BC – Pacuvius uses it of shaking a wounded man.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of a vessel broken by any shock.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A [[m|en|shaking]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[quassō]]
+ * [[conquassō]]
+ * [[concutiō]]
+ * [[percutiō]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}