saxosus Latin · revision 34734

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=70–19 BC, Virgil|origins=la saxum}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [sakˈsoː.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [sakˈsɔː.s̬us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''saxōsus''' (feminine saxōsa, neuter saxōsum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ A collateral form ''saxuōsus'' occurs in Siculus Flaccus.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|saxum|-ōsus|t1=rock]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces that noun to [[itc-pro|*saks-o-]], but finds no certain etymology for it.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler records it first in Virgil,^(Köbler 2010) who in the ''Eclogues'' speaks of rivers running down rocky valleys, ''saxōsās inter dēcurrunt flūmina vallēs''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means full of rocks or stones, rocky: Virgil also has rocky mountains, Ovid a rocky ridge, Columella a rocky sea and Statius a part of the Appian Way.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Virgil's river Hypanis, ''saxōsusque sonāns'', roars over rocks,^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010) and Statius' ''saxōsum murmur'' is the whirr of a stone.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ As a neuter plural noun, ''saxōsa'', it means rocky places: Quintilian notes that some kinds of fish delight in level bottoms, others in rocky ones.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Pliny the Elder uses it of a shrub growing among rocks.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of rocky valleys.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of a rocky ridge.^(OLD 2012)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of a plant growing among rocks.^(OLD 2012)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian uses the neuter plural for rocky places.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Full of rocks or stones; [[m|en|rocky]], [[m|en|stony]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # (of plants) Growing among rocks.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(neuter plural as noun)'' Rocky places.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[saxōsitās]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[saxum]]

+ * [[saxeus]]

+ * [[saxātilis]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}