simulator Latin · revision 34733

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1st century BC, Cicero and Sallust|origins=la similis}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [sɪ.mʊˈɫaː.tɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [si.muˈlaː.tor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''simulātor''' ''m'' (genitive simulātōris); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|simulō|-tor|t1=to imitate, pretend]],^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) an agent noun of the verb.^(OLD 2012) De Vaan derives [[m|la|simulō]] from [[m|la|similis|t=like, similar]],^(de Vaan 2008) which goes back to [[itc-pro|*semali-|t=alike, together]] and [[ine-pro|*smh₂-el-i-]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It appears in the 1st century BC in the sense “pretender”:^(OLD 2012) Sallust describes a bold, crafty mind as the ''simulator ac dissimulator'' of whatever it pleased, one who feigns and conceals,^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) and Cicero gives it as the Latin for [[grc|εἴρων|tr=eírōn]], one who feigns ignorance.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis and Short call the pretender the classical sense.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Tacitus has ''simulator segnitiae'', a man who feigned idleness, and Ovid says that a lover who pretends often ends up loving in earnest.^(OLD 2012) The sense “imitator, copier” is poetic and rare:^(Lewis & Short 1879) Ovid calls Morpheus the craftsman and imitator of human shape,^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Claudian calls the ape an imitator of the human face.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ In medieval Latin it stayed the word for a feigner or trickster, and Alcuin glosses the Greek ''hypocrita'' as ''simulator'' in Latin.^(DMLBS) Ecclesiastical Latin uses it for a [[m|en|hypocrite]].^(Stelten 1995) The Romance languages borrowed it: [[fr|simulateur]], [[it|simulatore]], [[es|simulador]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust uses it of a mind that feigns and conceals at will.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero renders the Greek ''eírōn'' by it.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid calls Morpheus an imitator of shape.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus speaks of a man who feigned idleness.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * Medieval Latin – Alcuin equates it with the Greek ''hypocrita''.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # One who copies or [[m|en|imitate|alt=imitates]], an imitator.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # One who puts on a [[m|en|pretence]], a feigner, [[m|en|pretender]]; with a genitive, one who feigns something.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' A [[m|en|hypocrite]].^(Stelten 1995)^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[simulō]]

+ * [[simulātiō]]

+ * [[dissimulātor]]

+ * [[similis]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}