rate English · revision 3473

15 Oct 2026, 19:45 by bogdan “New entries from the en10k word list (relationship … production)” current version
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+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA: /reɪt/^(Roach et al. 2011)
+ 
+ {{homograph|1|proportion, speed}}
+ 
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1425|origins=la reor}}
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ The proportion is [[inh|enm|rate]], [[bor|frm|rate|t=price, value]] and directly [[la-med|rata]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) short for Latin [[m|la|prō ratā parte|t=according to a fixed part]],^(AHD 2000)^(SOED 2002)^(MWU 2024) from [[m|la|rata]], feminine of [[m|la|ratus|t=fixed, settled, reckoned]], past participle of [[m|la|reor|t=to reckon, think]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Klein 1966) from [[ine-pro|*h₁reh₁-|alt=*re-|t=to reason, count]].^(Etymonline) Latin ''reor'' is also the source of [[ratio]] and [[reason]].^(Klein 1966)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Estimated worth, or an amount in proportion to something else: 1425, in the ''Rolls of Parliament'',^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989) or the early 15th century.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ A computed total quantity is from 1472–3,^(OED 1989) and a price from 1590.^(OED 1989) The verb “to estimate the worth of” is from the mid-15th century,^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) and “to rank, consider” from 1565.^(OED 1989) ''First-rate'', ''second-rate'' and so on are from the 1640s, from the British Navy's six classes of ships.^(Etymonline) ''At any rate'' meant “at any cost” in the 1610s and “at least” by 1760.^(Etymonline) The degree of speed is from the 1650s.^(Etymonline) A local tax on property is by 1712, and ''ratepayer'' by 1825.^(Etymonline) The rate of exchange between currencies is by 1727.^(Etymonline) The intransitive “to have a certain standing” is from 1809, and “to be highly valued” by 1928.^(Etymonline) ''Rate'', “to think highly of”, is a colloquial use from 1973.^(OED 1989)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 1425 – estimated worth.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)
+ * mid-15th century – verb, to estimate.^(Etymonline)
+ * 1590 – a price.^(OED 1989)
+ * 1640s – ''first-rate''.^(Etymonline)
+ * 1650s – speed.^(Etymonline)
+ * 1712 – a local property tax.^(Etymonline)
+ * 1727 – the rate of exchange.^(Etymonline)
+ * 1809 – verb, to rank.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Modern meaning==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A quantity measured in relation to another: ''a rate of speed''.^(AHD)^(SOED 2002)
+ # A proportion: ''the birth rate''.^(AHD)^(Hoad 1986)
+ # The cost per unit of a commodity or service; a charge calculated on a sum.^(AHD)^(OED 1989)
+ # Level of quality; class.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)
+ # ''(British)'' A local tax on property.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ===Verb===
+ # To calculate the value of; to [[appraise]].^(AHD)^(OED 1989)
+ # To place in a rank or grade; to regard as.^(AHD)^(OED 1989)
+ # To merit, deserve.^(AHD)
+ # To have status or standing.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[rating]]
+ * [[rateable]]
+ * [[first-rate]]
+ * [[ratepayer]]
+ * [[birth rate]]
+ * [[exchange rate]]
+ 
+ {{homograph|2|scold}}
+ 
+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1386|origins=fro reter}}
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ The scolding is [[inh|enm|raten]], of uncertain origin.^(SOED 2002)^(COED 2004) Etymonline and Klein derive it from [[m|fro|reter|t=to impute, blame, accuse]],^(Etymonline)^(Klein 1966) from Latin [[m|la|reputāre|t=to count over, reflect]], in Vulgar Latin “to impute, blame”,^(Etymonline)^(Klein 1966) the source of [[repute]].^(Klein 1966) The American Heritage Dictionary and Merriam-Webster suggest a Scandinavian origin, comparing Swedish [[m|sv|rata|t=to find fault with, reject]].^(AHD 2000)^(MWU 2024)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ To chide, rebuke vehemently: about 1386,^(OED 1989) or the late 14th century.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ Scolding a dog is ''rating'' from 1579, and the noun, a reproof to a hound, from 1575.^(OED 1989) The intransitive “to utter angry reproofs”, usually with ''at'', is from 1593.^(OED 1989) The verb is now usually replaced by [[berate]].^(AHD)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 1386 – to scold.^(OED 1989)
+ * 1575 – noun, a reproof to a dog.^(OED 1989)
+ * 1579 – to scold a dog.^(OED 1989)
+ 
+ ==Modern meaning==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To scold angrily; to [[berate]].^(AHD)^(SOED 2002)
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[ratio]]
+ * [[ration]]
+ * [[ratify]]
+ * [[reason]]
+ * [[pro rata]]
+ * [[berate]]
+ * [[repute]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}