tantopere Latin · revision 34723

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la tantus, la opus}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tantopere''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+ Also written separately as ''tantō opere''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|tantus|opus|t1=so great|t2=work, effort]],^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014)^(Köbler 2010) fused from the ablative phrase ⟨tantō opere⟩, literally “with so much effort”.^(Wiktionary)^(Georges 1913) [[m|la|opus]] goes back to [[itc-pro|*opes-|t=work]] and [[ine-pro|*h₃ep-os|t=work]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found in Plautus, written as two words: “why had you been so very frightened?” (''cur tanto opere extimueras?'').^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Terence also uses it,^(Lewis & Short 1879) and it is common in classical prose, either as one word or as two.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Cicero writes ''si studia Graecorum vos tanto opere delectant'', “if Greek learning delights you so much”, and pairs it with a following ''quantopere'' or ''quam'', “as much … as”;^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Conte 2010)^(VoLat 2018) Caesar has the reverse order, and Cicero and Nepos also use it with a clause of result.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Conte 2010)^(VoLat 2018) A bilingual glossary renders it by [[grc|σπουδαίως|tr=spoudaíōs]], “earnestly”.^(CGL)

+

+ In British medieval Latin it is used, from Gildas and Bede on, with verbs of wishing, care or effort, “so earnestly”, and more generally “to such a degree”.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses ''tanto opere'' as a phrase.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it often, as one word or two.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar pairs it with ''quantopere''.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st third of the 8th century AD – Bede uses it with verbs of seeking.^(DMLBS)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # So much, so greatly, to such a [[m|en|degree]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # With ''quantopere'', ''quam'' or ''ut'': as much (as), so much (that).^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' So [[m|en|earnestly]], with verbs of wishing or effort.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tantus]]

+ * [[opus]]

+ * [[magnopere]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Georges notes that the spelling, as one word or two, follows the same rules as for [[magnopere]].^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}