etiamnum Latin · revision 34718

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛ.tiˈan.nũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [et.t͡siˈam.num]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''etiamnum''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|etiam|num|t1=also, even|t2=now]], written as one word.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) The commoner form [[etiamnunc]] has [[m|la|nunc|t=now]] in place of the older [[m|la|num]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus on,^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) meaning “even now, still”: in the ''Menaechmi'' a character says that hope ''etiamnum'' delights his mind.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The basic sense is that a state continues up to the time spoken of, “still, yet”;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Varro uses it of a point in the past (when a plane tree was ''etiamnunc'' young).^(OLD 2012) Plautus also uses it with an imperative for an action to be repeated, “yet more, again”.^(OLD 2012) With weakened time reference it means “still, yet” of something not yet settled, as in Cicero's ''quaeritur etiamnunc'', “it is still asked”, and in Pomponius Mela it continues a list of places.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Gaffiot also gives the sense “further, besides”.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ Lewis and Short note that the form in ⟨-nunc⟩ is the more frequent and the only one in Cicero and Caesar.^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Ecclesiastical Latin it still means “still, yet”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it for “still” and, with an imperative, for “again”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of a time in the past.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses the form ''etiamnunc''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43/44 AD – Pomponius Mela uses it in a list of places.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # Even now, [[m|en|still]], [[m|en|yet]]; also with reference to a past or future time.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Yet more, again (with an [[m|en|imperative]], of a repeated action).^(OLD 2012)

+ # Still, yet (of something not yet complete or settled).^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # Further, [[m|en|besides]].^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The form ''etiamnunc'' is often written as two words, ''etiam nunc'', and ''etiamnum'' likewise as ''etiam num''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}