circumgredior Latin · revision 34709

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=86–34 BC, Sallust|origins=la gradior}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [kɪr.kʊŋˈɡrɛ.di.ɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [t͡ʃir.kumˈɡrɛː.di.or]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''circumgredior''' (present infinitive circumgredī, perfect active circumgressus sum); third (-iō variant) conjugation, deponent^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|circum-|gradior|t2=to step, walk]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|gradior]] to [[itc-pro|*grad-(e)i-]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The earliest example is in Sallust's letter of Mithridates in the ''Histories'', of an army surrounded from Mesopotamia and Armenia.^(TLL)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis and Short describe it as post-Augustan, used several times by Tacitus and rarely elsewhere.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is chiefly a military word, of troops going round an enemy by a flanking movement:^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) Tacitus uses it of taking the enemy in the rear (''terga circumgressi'').^(TLL)^(Georges 1913) Later writers use it more loosely: Aurelius Victor of going round Syria, and Ammianus of going round a pool in order to cross it.^(TLL)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust uses it of surrounding an army.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus uses it several times of flanking movements.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 360 AD – Aurelius Victor uses it of going round a country.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 390 AD – Ammianus uses it of going round a pool.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(military)'' To go round an enemy by a [[m|en|flank|alt=flanking]] movement, [[m|en|surround]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+ # To go or walk around.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[circumgressus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}