pilleatus Latin · revision 34705

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81/79–52/50 BC, Catullus|origins=la pilleus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [pɪl.leˈaː.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [pil.leˈaː.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pilleātus''' (feminine pilleāta, neuter pilleātum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|pilleus|-ātus|t1=felt cap]],^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) also spelled ⟨pīle-⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan calls [[m|la|pilleus]] etymologically obscure.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL quotes it first from Catullus, who places a tavern at the ninth pillar from the “capped brothers”, the statues of Castor and Pollux.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The cap was a mark of freedom: Livy writes of the ''volones'' feasting ''pilleati'' or with their heads covered in white wool,^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) and of a crowd of colonists, freed from captivity, following the chariot ''pilleati''.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) Freedmen walked capped before their master's funeral.^(TLL) Gellius records that slaves were put up for sale capped when the seller gave no guarantee for them.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It was also worn at the Saturnalia: Seneca speaks of the ''pilleata turba'' and Martial of a ''pilleata Roma''.^(OLD 2012) The word was used too of gods and heroes shown with the cap.^(TLL)

+

+ In British Medieval Latin it meant “wearing a cap” in general, and was used of monks and, in academic use, of graduates entitled to wear the cap.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus uses it of the statues of Castor and Pollux.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of freed slaves and redeemed captives.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of the crowd at the Saturnalia.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 165 AD – Gellius uses it of slaves sold without guarantee.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Wearing a [[pilleus]], a felt [[m|en|cap]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Wearing the cap as a mark of [[m|en|manumission]] or of release from captivity.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+ # (of a slave for sale) Wearing the cap to show that the seller gives no [[m|en|guarantee]].^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # Wearing the cap at the [[Sāturnālia]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Wearing a cap;^(DMLBS) (of a monk) capped;^(DMLBS) ''(academic)'' entitled to wear the graduate's cap.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}