invalesco Latin · revision 34696

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=14–37 AD, Celsus|origins=ine-pro *h₂ulh₁-eh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪn.waˈɫeːs.koː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [iɱ.vaˈlɛs.ko]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''invalēscō''' (present infinitive invalēscere, perfect active invaluī); third conjugation, no passive, no supine stem^(Wiktionary)

+ Late spellings with ⟨-isc-⟩ occur in Rufinus and Augustine.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|in-|valēscō|t2=to grow strong]], with the intensive prefix.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) [[m|la|valēscō]] is formed from [[m|la|valeō|t=to be strong]],^(de Vaan 2008) which goes back to [[itc-pro|*wal-ē-]] and [[ine-pro|*h₂ulh₁-eh₁-|t=to be strong]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL and the OLD find it first in Celsus, of the body gaining strength.^(TLL)^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short also cite a passage of Cicero for it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Columella uses it of a vine before it has grown strong.^(OLD 2012) Quintilian, Tacitus and Suetonius use it of things gaining power, such as a strong emotion or conspiracies detected before they grew strong;^(OLD 2012) Pliny the Younger has a love that grew stronger and an earthquake so violent that everything seemed overturned.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) From Quintilian on it also meant “come into use, prevail”, of customs and of words, and Ulpian has it of a legal opinion gaining ground.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) The TLL notes that it is a word of prose; poetry has it once, in Venantius Fortunatus.^(TLL)

+

+ The Vulgate uses it often of people who prevail or grow strong.^(Georges 1913)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus uses it of the body regaining strength.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella uses it of a vine.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian uses it of a custom gaining ground.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * before 223 AD – Ulpian uses it of a legal opinion gaining ground.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate uses it of people who prevail.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To become physically strong, gain [[m|en|strength]].^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ # To increase in power or effectiveness.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To grow stronger, increase in [[m|en|intensity]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # To come into use, [[m|en|predominate]], prevail.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' Of people, to prevail, gather strength.^(Stelten 1995)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[valeō]]

+ * [[valēscō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}