manifeste Latin · revision 34695

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=70–19 BC, Virgil|origins=la manifestus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ma.nɪˈfeːs.tɛ]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ma.niˈfɛs.te]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''manifestē''' (comparative manifestius, superlative manifestissimē)^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|manifestus|-ē|t1=evident, caught in the act]].^(OLD 2012)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014) De Vaan reports Leumann's explanation of [[m|la|manifestus]] as the ablative of [[m|la|manus|t=hand]] joined to the element ⟨-festus⟩ of [[m|la|īnfestus]], with the first part shortened, which would make it originally “caught by hand”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its comparative ''manifestius'' appears first in Virgil's ''Aeneid'';^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010) the positive is found from Celsus on,^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010) meaning “evidently, plainly”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Seneca the Elder and Tacitus also use the comparative,^(Georges 1913) and the superlative appears in Scaevola in the Digest and in Apuleius;^(Georges 1913) Scribonius Largus, Apuleius, Jerome and Sulpicius Severus have the positive.^(Georges 1913) Augustine and the Code of Justinian use the superlative.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ British Medieval Latin used it for “openly, visibly”, as when Bede tells of a vision seen plainly and not in dreams, for catching a criminal “in the act”, and for “clearly” to the mind, from Aldhelm and Bede on.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses the comparative ''manifestius''.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus uses the positive ''manifestē''.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius uses the positive and the superlative.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 354–430 AD – Augustine uses the superlative.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|evidently|alt=Evidently]], [[m|en|plainly]], clearly.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Openly, visibly.^(DMLBS)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin, of a crime)'' In the act, [[m|en|red-handed]].^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}