praecaveo Latin · revision 34692

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *kouh₁-éie-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [prae̯ˈka.we.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [preˈkaː.ve.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''praecaveō''' (present infinitive praecavēre, perfect active praecāvī, supine praecautum); second conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|prae-|caveō|t2=to be on one's guard]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of [[m|la|caveō]], which goes back to [[itc-pro|*kawē-]] and [[ine-pro|*kouh₁-éie-|t=to perceive]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus on,^(de Vaan 2008) meaning to be on one's guard: in the ''Epidicus'' one speaker warns another “but you, beware”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Plautus also uses it transitively, of something that must be guarded against and seen to,^(OLD 2012) and Terence with a dative, of looking out for oneself.^(OLD 2012) Cicero speaks of wrongs that are very hard to guard against, and Livy uses it with an indirect question, of taking care who sits at the helm.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) Ecclesiastical Latin kept the senses “take precautions, provide for the future”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it for “beware” and “guard against”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it with a dative.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero speaks of wrongs hard to guard against.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it with an indirect question.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To be on one's [[m|en|guard]], take [[m|en|precaution|alt=precautions]], beware; with a dative, to look out for (someone).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To guard against, seek to avert or [[m|en|prevent]]; to take care (that).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[praecautiō]]

+ * [[praecautus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[caveō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}