redarguo Latin · revision 34687

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=86/82 BC, Rhetorica ad Herennium|origins=la arguō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [rɛˈdar.ɡu.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [reˈdar.ɡu.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''redarguō''' (present infinitive redarguere, perfect active redarguī, supine redargūtum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|re-|arguō|t2=to make clear, prove]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) The prefix appears in its older form ⟨red-⟩ before the vowel.^(TLL)

+

+ [[m|la|arguō]] is probably a verb made from an adjective meaning “bright”, continued in [[m|la|argūtus]]; this goes back to [[itc-pro|*argu-|t=bright]] and [[ine-pro|*h2erǵ-u-|t=white]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sa|अर्जुन|tr=árjuna-|t=white, light]] and [[grc|ἄργυρος|tr=árguros|t=silver]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ According to Festus, Scipio the Younger already used it, pronouncing it with ⟨e⟩ in the first syllable;^(TLL) in the surviving texts it appears from the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' on, meaning to prove a statement untrue, to refute it.^(TLL)^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Cicero uses it about twenty times, both of convicting a person of falsehood, ''redargue me, si mentior'' (“prove me wrong if I lie”), and of refuting arguments;^(TLL)^(OLD 2012) it is paired with [[refellō]] and [[revincō]], and opposed to ''probāre'', “to prove”.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Virgil has a day that will refute words, and Suetonius has Augustus refuting libellous pamphlets.^(OLD 2012) Things can be its subject too: Cicero says that the prosperity of the wicked disproves the power of the gods.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Gellius construes it with an accusative and infinitive.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ It is frequent in the Bible and in Christian writers,^(TLL) where it renders [[grc|ἐλέγχω|tr=elénkhō]] and takes a genitive of the charge: Lactantius uses it for convicting of ignorance, and the Vulgate of being convicted by the law as transgressors.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Ecclesiastical Latin also uses it for admonishing someone and urging them to penance.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 86/82 BC – The ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' uses it of a speech that can be refuted.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of persons and of arguments.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of refuting words.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 165 AD – Gellius uses it with an accusative and infinitive.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–317 AD – Lactantius uses it with a genitive, “to convict of”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate uses it of those convicted by the law.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|convict]] (a person) of falsehood, to prove wrong.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To [[m|en|refute]], [[m|en|disprove]] (a statement or charge);^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) with an accusative and infinitive, to prove (something) untrue.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To disprove the existence of; to show up (something false).^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Late Latin)'' With a genitive, to convict of.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' To [[m|en|admonish]], to urge to penance.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[redargūtiō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Macrobius notes that the form is ''redarguere'', not ''rearguere''.^(TLL) Lewis and Short give [[refellō]] and [[refūtō]] as synonyms.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}