cero Latin · revision 34686

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus (participle)|origins=la cēra}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈkeː.roː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈt͡ʃɛː.ro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cērō''' (present infinitive cērāre, perfect active cērāvī, supine cērātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|cēra|-ō|t1=wax]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ The noun is probably a loanword from an unknown language, or borrowed directly from [[grc|κηρός|tr=kērós|t=wax]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The participle [[cērātus]] is found from Plautus on,^(de Vaan 2008) who speaks of a ''cērāta tabula'', a wax-coated writing tablet;^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL) the finite verb is later and much rarer,^(TLL) first in Columella, of coating jars with wax.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Most uses are of the participle: Cicero has a waxed tablet given to each person, Horace and Ovid the waxed wings of Daedalus, Ovid waxed torches and waxed ships.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Ulpian, in the ''Digest'', speaks of waxed codicils beside codices of parchment and papyrus.^(TLL)

+

+ The neuter [[cērātum]] became a noun for a wax salve or plaster, used from Celsus on.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses the participle of a waxed writing tablet.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses the participle of writing tablets.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses the participle of the wings of Daedalus.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus uses the neuter participle as a noun for a wax salve.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella uses the finite verb of coating jars with wax.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To smear or coat with [[m|en|wax]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[cērātūra]]

+ * [[incērō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}