cumque Latin · revision 34685

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=96–55 BC, Lucretius (alone)|origins=ine-pro *kʷom, ine-pro *-kʷe}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈkʊŋ.kʷɛ]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈkum.kʷe]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cumque''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+ Also spelled ''quomque'' and ''cunque''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|cum#2|-que]],^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) that is, the old relative form ⟨quom⟩ “when” with the particle ⟨-que⟩, which after pronouns and adverbs has a generalising sense.^(de Vaan 2008) Umbrian has the same formation in [[xum|pumpe|t=whenever]], from [[m|itc-pro|*kʷom-kʷe]],^(de Vaan 2008) as in [[m|xum|pisi-pumpe]], the equivalent of [[quīcumque]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ The first part goes back to [[itc-pro|*kʷom|t=when]] and [[ine-pro|*kʷom]], an accusative of the relative pronoun;^(de Vaan 2008) the second to [[itc-pro|*-kʷe]] and [[ine-pro|*-kʷe|t=and, -ever]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is regularly attached to relative pronouns and adverbs ([[quīcumque]], [[ubicumque]]), giving them the sense “-ever, -soever”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Standing alone it is very rare;^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis and Short cite Lucretius, ''quae demant cumque dolorem'', “which take away any pain”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Horace uses it on its own in an ode to the lyre, ''mihi cumque salve rite vocanti'', which the OLD takes to mean “at any time” and the scholiast explains as “whenever I call on you”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) A law in the Theodosian Code has it alone as well.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lachmann denied that it was ever used except with relatives.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it on its own.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it on its own in the ''Odes''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 438 AD – The Theodosian Code uses it on its own.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # Attached to relative pronouns and adverbs to make them general or indefinite: “-[[m|en|ever]]”, “-soever” ([[quīcumque]], [[utcumque]]).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Alone: in any way, at any time, whenever.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[quāliscumque]]

+ * [[quantuluscumque]]

+ * [[quantuscumque]]

+ * [[quotuscumque]]

+ * [[taliscumque]]

+ * [[utercumque]]

+ * [[cuiusmodīcumque]]

+ * [[quandiucumque]]

+ * [[quandōcumque]]

+ * [[quīcumque]]

+ * [[quīvīscumque]]

+ * [[quōmodocumque]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}