desido Latin · revision 34684

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=ine-pro *si-sd-e/o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [deːˈsiː.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [deˈs̬iː.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dēsīdō''' (present infinitive dēsīdere, perfect active dēsēdī or dēsīdī); third conjugation, no supine stem^(Wiktionary)

+ The perfect is ''dēsēdī'' or ''dēsīdī'' (Cato, Cicero).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|dē-|sīdō|t2=to sit down, settle]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ [[m|la|sīdō]] goes back to [[itc-pro|*sizd-e/o-]] and [[ine-pro|*si-sd-e/o-|t=to sit down]];^(de Vaan 2008) its compounds are attested earlier than the simple verb.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[xum|sistu]], [[sa|सीदति|tr=sī́dati]] and [[grc|ἵζω|tr=hízō]], all “to sit down”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Cato on,^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL) who uses it of the dregs that settle at the bottom of wine.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Cicero uses it of land sinking in earthquakes, Virgil of sinking into the depths as a wave withdraws, and Livy of ground that subsided into a great cavern;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Varro notes that an empty egg floats while a full one sinks.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Celsus uses it of urine sediment, of a swelling going down, of a blade sinking in, of hollows in the vertebrae, of sitting down in vinegar and of going to the lavatory.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Statius uses it of mountains that seem to sink below one flying upward.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Livy, in the preface to his history, uses it figuratively of morals sinking as discipline gave way.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Apuleius has Psyche sinking down onto her knees.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of dregs settling in wine.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of land sinking in earthquakes.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of ground subsiding and of declining morals.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus uses it of sitting down and of going to the lavatory.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius uses it of sinking onto one's knees.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|sink]], [[m|en|subside]], settle down;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) of a weapon, to go in; of a part of the body, to be depressed.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To decline, [[m|en|deteriorate]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)

+ # To sit down;^(OLD 2012) to go to the [[m|en|lavatory]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}