importuosus Latin · revision 34680

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=86–34 BC, Sallust|origins=ine-pro *pr-tu-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪm.pɔr.tuˈoː.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [im.por.tuˈɔː.s̬us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''importuōsus''' (feminine importuōsa, neuter importuōsum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|in-|portuōsus|t1=not|t2=having many harbours]],^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) or, as the OLD analyses it, [[m|la|portus|t=harbour]] with the negative prefix and the suffix ⟨-ōsus⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ That noun goes back to [[itc-pro|*portu-|t=harbour]] and [[ine-pro|*pr-tu-|t=crossing, ford, bridge]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[ae|pərətu-|t=crossing, bridge]], [[goh|furt]] and [[ang|ford]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler records it first in Sallust,^(Köbler 2010) who calls the sea off the African coast ''mare saevum, importuōsum'', “a savage sea without harbours”.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Livy uses it of the harbourless shores of Italy on the left, and Tacitus, Seneca and Pliny the Younger of coasts;^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL) the superlative appears in Pliny the Elder, of an island that is the most harbourless of all.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In medieval British Latin Robert Grosseteste uses it, after Isidore, of the coast at Alexandria.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust uses it of the sea off Africa.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of the shores of Italy.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses the superlative of an island.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus uses it in the ''Annals''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Having no [[m|en|harbour|alt=harbours]], harbourless.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[portus]]

+ * [[portuōsus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}