immugio Latin · revision 34668

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=70–19 BC, Virgil|origins=la mūgiō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪmˈmuː.ɡi.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [imˈmuː.d͡ʒi.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''immūgiō''' (present infinitive immūgīre, perfect active immūgīvī or immūgiī, supine immūgītum); fourth conjugation, no passive^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''inmūgiō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|in-|mūgiō|t2=to low, bellow]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan calls [[m|la|mūgiō]] an imitation of a cow's lowing, from [[itc-pro|*mūg-]] and [[ine-pro|*mū̆g-]],^(de Vaan 2008) cognate with [[grc|μυκάομαι|tr=mukáomai|t=to low, bellow]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found in Virgil, who uses it of Etna roaring in its hollow caverns, ''curvīs immūgiit Aetna cavernīs'', and of a palace resounding with mourning.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis and Short call it a poetic word.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Seneca uses it of a lion bellowing and of the sea, fire and caves roaring or resounding, and Silius Italicus of a bull at the altars, of the earth and of a storm in the yards of a ship.^(OLD 2012) The TLL explains it as bellowing loudly, towards something or in a place.^(TLL)

+

+ In Christian Latin Jerome writes that the world will groan aloud when the Lord comes to judge, ''lūgubre mundus immūgiet''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of Etna and of a palace full of mourning.^(OLD 2012)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of a lion and of the sea.^(OLD 2012)

+ * 25–101 AD – Silius Italicus uses it of a bull and of a storm.^(OLD 2012)

+ * c. 383–419/420 AD – Jerome uses it of the world on the Day of Judgement.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # Of animals, to [[m|en|bellow]], [[m|en|roar]] (in or at).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Of the sea, the earth and other natural forces, to roar.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Of places, to [[m|en|resound]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[mūgiō]]

+ * [[mūgītus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}