incoquo Latin · revision 34667

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=70–19 BC, Virgil|origins=ine-pro *pekʷ-e/o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɪŋ.kɔ.kʷoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈiŋ.ko.kʷo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''incoquō''' (present infinitive incoquere, perfect active incoxī, supine incoctum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|in-|coquō|t2=to cook]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan traces [[m|la|coquō]] to [[itc-pro|*kʷekʷe/o-|t=to cook]] and [[ine-pro|*pekʷ-e/o-|t=to cook]], with the /o/ of the first syllable perhaps taken from the noun [[m|la|coquus|t=cook]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds it from Virgil, Horace and Ovid on.^(TLL) In the ''Georgics'' Virgil tells the beekeeper to boil the roots of a plant in fragrant wine, ''odōrātō rādīcēs incoque Bacchō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is used of boiling or stewing something in a liquid, and of adding an ingredient or colour by boiling: Horace boasts that he was the first to show how to cook bitter elecampane into a dish.^(OLD 2012) Celsus and Pliny the Elder use it of boiling down a decoction,^(OLD 2012) and Pliny of dishonest craftsmen plating objects with molten metal.^(OLD 2012) By likeness it was used of the sun or fire baking and scorching, as in Ovid and Lucan.^(OLD 2012) Persius uses it figuratively of a heart steeped in virtue, ''incoctum generōsō pectus honestō''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ The TLL notes that Cicero and Caesar do not use it, while medical writers such as Celsus, Scribonius Largus and Pliny use it often.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Virgil and Silius Italicus use it of dyeing, as in ''vellera Tyriōs incocta rubōrēs'', fleeces steeped in Tyrian red, and Lactantius has it figuratively, of people imbued with justice.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of boiling roots in wine.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of cooking an ingredient into a dish.^(OLD 2012)

+ * 34–62 AD – Persius uses it of a heart steeped in virtue.^(OLD 2012)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of plating with molten metal.^(OLD 2012)

+ * c. 250–317 AD – Lactantius uses it of people imbued with justice.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|boil]] or [[m|en|stew]] in a liquid.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To [[m|en|steep]], imbue (with a quality or feeling).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To add (an ingredient, flavour or colour) by boiling.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To coat with molten metal, to [[m|en|plate]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # To boil down, make a [[m|en|decoction]] of.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Of the sun or fire, to bake, scorch.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To dye.^(Wiktionary)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[incoctio]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[coquō]]

+ * [[dēcoquō]]

+ * [[excoquō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}