pudenter Latin · revision 34662

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=2nd half of the 2nd century BC, Afranius|origins=la pudeō}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pudenter''' (comparative pudentius, superlative pudentissimē)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|pudēns|-ter]],^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) from the present participle of [[m|la|pudeō|t=to be ashamed]].^(Wiktionary) De Vaan reconstructs [[itc-pro|*pud-ē-|t=to be ashamed or shy]] for that verb but finds no secure further etymology;^(de Vaan 2008) older proposals connect it with [[m|la|paviō|t=to strike]] or, hesitantly, with a root meaning “to press, hurry”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first author is Afranius, the writer of comedies,^(Köbler 2010)^(Conte 2010) and it is next found in Cicero, meaning with modesty or discretion.^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Cicero uses it of approaching a subject reluctantly or with restraint, in the comparative ''pudentius'', and says that a request was made ''pudentissimē'', most discreetly.^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016) The OLD's definition stresses a proper sense of what is fitting, and usually of restraint and modesty.^(OLD 2012) Horace contrasts taking something ''pudenter'', in moderation, with snatching it: ''distat sumasne pudenter an rapiās''.^(Conte 2010)

+

+ In the Medieval Latin of Britain it is also found in the sense “shamefully”, as in the Latin version of the ''Ancrene Riwle'', where it renders Middle English [[m|enm|scheomeliche]].^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 2nd half of the 2nd century BC – Afranius uses it in a comedy.^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it with its comparative and superlative.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace contrasts taking in moderation with snatching.^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # With a proper sense of what is fitting; with [[m|en|restraint]], [[m|en|modestly]], [[m|en|discreetly]].^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # Bashfully, shyly.^(Wiktionary)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' [[m|en|shamefully|alt=Shamefully]].^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pudēns]]

+ * [[pudeō]]

+ * [[impudenter]]

+ * [[pudor]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}