contrucido Latin · revision 34659

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la trucīdō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [kɔn.trʊˈkiː.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [kon.truˈt͡ʃiː.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''contrucīdō''' (present infinitive contrucīdāre, perfect active contrucīdāvī, supine contrucīdātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|con-|trucīdō|t2=to slaughter]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan lists [[m|la|trucīdō]] among the derivatives of [[m|la|trux|t=savage]]; it has been explained as a shortened ⟨*truki-kīdāre⟩ or as “hacking in four pieces”, but he derives it from ⟨*truk(o)-kaid-o-⟩, “hacking savagely”, with the root of [[m|la|caedō|t=to cut]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found in Cicero's ''Pro Sestio'', literally of a body weakened and hacked by many wounds, ''dēbilitātō corpore et contrucīdātō'', and figuratively of men who have butchered the whole state, ''tōtam rem pūblicam contrucīdāvērunt''.^(TLL)^(Conte 2010)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis and Short call it rare, but used in good prose.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Seneca uses it of the people slaughtered by soldiers sent among them, ''plēbem immissō mīlite contrucīdātam'', and of the fat bodies of bulls;^(Georges 1913)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) Suetonius of exiles killed all together and of wild beasts.^(Georges 1913)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) Apuleius has it of stabbing one's own throat with many blows.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a body hacked by wounds and, figuratively, of the state.^(TLL)^(Conte 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of the people slaughtered by soldiers.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+ * c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius uses it of exiles killed together.^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius uses it of stabbing oneself with many blows.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To inflict many wounds upon, [[m|en|hack]] about.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To ruin, wreck (the state).^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Conte 2010)

+ # To kill in large numbers, [[m|en|slaughter]], [[m|en|butcher]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[trucīdō]]

+ * [[trux]]

+ * [[caedō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}