obduresco Latin · revision 34653

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *du(e)h₂-ro-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɔb.duːˈreːs.koː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ob.duˈrɛs.ko]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''obdūrēscō''' (present infinitive obdūrēscere, perfect active obdūruī); third conjugation, no passive, no supine stem^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The OLD analyses it as [[m|la|ob-]] with [[m|la|dūrus|t=hard]] and the inchoative suffix [[m|la|-ēscō]],^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) the TLL as the same prefix with [[m|la|dūrēscō|t=to harden]],^(TLL) and VOLI derives it from [[m|la|obdūrō|t=to be persistent]].^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014) De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of the adjective, which goes back to [[itc-pro|*dūro-]] and [[ine-pro|*du(e)h₂-ro-|t=far, long]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and the TLL find it from Plautus on;^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL) in the ''Truculentus'' the speaker, lying in bed, says he has grown stiff with waiting (''exspectandō obdūruī'').^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Literally it means to become hard, to [[m|en|harden]] or solidify: Cato tells the farmer to plough the wettest ground last, before it hardens, and Varro uses it of snails' shells hardening with age.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Propertius asks whether it would not have been better to turn to stone at the face of the Gorgon.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) Of people it means to become hardened, insensitive or [[m|en|callous]], a sense Lewis and Short call the only classical one:^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero says we have grown hardened by habit, and, when the arrival of Philotimus alarmed everyone with him, that he himself had grown numb (''ipse obdūruī'').^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of growing stiff with waiting.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of ground hardening.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of snail shells.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of becoming callous by habit.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 57/46–12 BC – Propertius uses it of turning to stone.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To become hard, [[m|en|harden]], [[m|en|solidify]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(of people)'' To become hardened, insensitive or [[m|en|callous]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}