expolio Latin · revision 34636

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la poliō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛkˈspɔ.li.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ekˈspɔː.li.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''expoliō''' (present infinitive expolīre, perfect active expolīvī or expoliī, supine expolītum); fourth conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ex-|poliō|t2=to smooth, polish]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008) The origin of [[m|la|poliō]] is unclear: de Vaan rejects or doubts the proposals that link it to [[m|la|polinō]] or to Germanic words for beating.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has it first,^(de Vaan 2008) of a house that is well built and finished, and of parents who polish their children's manners and teach them their letters.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The literal sense is to smooth or polish a surface: Catullus' little book is polished with pumice, Vitruvius finishes a place with marble, and Pliny the Elder says garments are smoothed with hedgehog skin.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cato uses it of villas finished with citron wood and ivory.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Plautus also applies it to adorning oneself.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In a figurative sense it means to refine a person, as in Cicero's ''De oratore'', and to bring a plan, an argument or a style to perfection, as in Plautus, Cicero, Lucretius and Quintilian.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) Plautus once uses it comically for ruining oneself.^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Ecclesiastical Latin it means to polish or redecorate.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of finishing a house and of refining children.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of villas finished with citron wood and ivory.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of arts being perfected.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of refining a person and an argument.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus has a book polished with pumice.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius uses it of finishing with marble.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To smooth down, [[m|en|polish]] (a surface); to finish (a building) with a smooth surface.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To [[m|en|embellish]], adorn (a person).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To polish, [[m|en|refine]] (a person's manners or mind).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To bring to perfection, give a finish to (a plan, argument or style).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' To polish, redecorate.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[expolītiō]]

+ * [[expolitor]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[poliō]]

+ * [[perpoliō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A first-conjugation ''expoliō, -āre'', “to plunder, strip”, is a variant of [[exspoliō]], from [[spolium]].^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}