exsecrabilis Latin · revision 34635

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=170–c. 90 BC, Accius|origins=ine-pro *sh₂k-ro-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛks.sɛˈkraː.bɪ.lɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [eks.seˈkraː.bi.lis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''exsecrābilis''' (neuter exsecrābile); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''execrābilis''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|exsecror|-bilis|t1=to curse]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) The verb is formed from [[m|la|ex-]] and [[m|la|sacer|t=sacred; accursed]],^(Wiktionary) which goes back to [[itc-pro|*sakro-|t=sacred]] and [[ine-pro|*sh₂k-ro-|t=sacred]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's first example is from a tragedy of Accius, of a tyrant's cruel and accursed nature.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Livy people complain of their accursed fortune, and it has an active sense, “of cursing”: the priests lead a ''carmen exsecrabile'', a song of execration, and Livy speaks of a hatred of the Romans that amounts to execration.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Valerius Maximus calls a place accursed and dire, Pliny the Elder finds no animal more detestable than one he describes, and the Vulgate uses it in Leviticus.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Augustine has the comparative adverb ''exsecrabilius''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In medieval British Latin it keeps the sense “execrable, hateful”; 14th-century sources also use it as the name of a papal constitution beginning with the word ''Execrabilis''.^(DMLBS) In Ecclesiastical Latin it means abhorrent, detestable or accursed.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius uses it of a tyrant's nature.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of fortune and of a song of execration.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of an animal.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate uses it in Leviticus.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 354–430 AD – Augustine uses the comparative adverb.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|accursed|alt=Accursed]], [[m|en|detestable]], [[m|en|execrable]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Of [[m|en|cursing]], uttering curses;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) (of hatred) amounting to [[m|en|execration]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' ''Execrabilis'', the name of a papal constitution.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[exsecrābilitās]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[exsecror]]

+ * [[sacer]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}