frigesco Latin · revision 34634

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=ine-pro *sriHǵ-o/es-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [friːˈɡeːs.koː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [friˈd͡ʒɛs.ko]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''frīgēscō''' (present infinitive frīgēscere, perfect active frīxī or frīguī); third conjugation, no passive, no supine stem^(Wiktionary)

+ Jerome has the perfect ''frīguī''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|frīgeō|-ēscō|t1=to be cold]], an inchoative verb.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) That verb is derived from [[m|la|frīgus|t=cold]], which goes back to [[itc-pro|*srīgos-]] and [[ine-pro|*sriHǵ-o/es-|t=frost, bitter cold]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[grc|ῥῖγος|tr=rhîgos|t=cold, frost]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cato has it first,^(de Vaan 2008) in a recipe: a mixture is boiled and poured into a dish so that it cools.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lucretius uses it of the earth growing cold deep down, Celsus of water and of the extremities of the body, and Tacitus of feet and hands growing cold.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Quintilian says blood drawn back by fear grows pale and cold.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis and Short note that it is mostly ante-classical and post-Augustan and perhaps not used by Cicero.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Persius uses it of thresholds that may grow cold, that is, receive someone coldly.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In a letter to Cicero, Caelius plays on it: “we here are freezing with cold”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In a figurative sense it means to cool off or fall flat: Quintilian uses it of feeling that cools in a speech and warns against letting an appeal to pity grow cold.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Valerius Flaccus uses it of a person growing torpid in grief.^(OLD 2012) In Ecclesiastical Latin it means to become cold.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of a mixture left to cool.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of the earth growing cold.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus uses it of water and of the limbs.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 34–62 AD – Persius uses it of a cold welcome.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian uses it of feelings that cool.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus uses it of feet and hands.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To grow [[m|en|cold]], [[m|en|cool]], lose heat.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To slacken, cool off (of a feeling); to fall flat (of speech); to become [[m|en|torpid]] (of a person).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To become cold towards someone.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dēfrīgescō]]

+ * [[infrīgescō]]

+ * [[interfrigesco]]

+ * [[perfrīgescō]]

+ * [[refrīgēscō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[frīgus]]

+ * [[frīgidus]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ De Vaan records the related [[frīgeō]], whose perfect is also ⟨frīxī⟩, from Livius Andronicus.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}