excaeco Latin · revision 34617

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la caecus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛksˈkae̯.koː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [eksˈt͡ʃɛː.ko]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''excaecō''' (present infinitive excaecāre, perfect active excaecāvī, supine excaecātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ex-|caecō|t2=to blind]],^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) from [[m|la|ex-]] and the adjective [[m|la|caecus|t=blind]], beside [[m|la|caecō]] and [[m|la|obcaecō]].^(TLL) De Vaan derives [[m|la|caecus]] from [[itc-pro|*kaiko-]] and [[ine-pro|*keh₂i-ko-|t=one-eyed]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first attested in Cicero's ''Academica'' (''Lucullus''), meaning “to make blind, deprive of sight”: ''num ergo is excaecat nos aut orbat sensibus?''^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis and Short call it rare.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Besides blinding people, Pliny the Elder and Columella use it of removing the eyes or buds of a plant,^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Ovid and Celsus of blocking or stopping up a channel, as mud blocks the veins of water,^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Petronius and Pliny of dulling or dimming something.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ The manuscripts often spell it ⟨excec-⟩.^(TLL) In Ecclesiastical Latin it also means “to blind mentally”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of blinding.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of mud stopping up a channel.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of removing the buds of a vine.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * before 66 AD – Petronius uses it of dimming beauty.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|blind]], deprive of sight.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To remove the eyes or [[m|en|bud|alt=buds]] of (a plant).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To block or stop up (a channel or stream).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To [[m|en|dull]] or [[m|en|dim]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' To blind mentally.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[excaecator]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}