pervigilium Latin · revision 34606

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=96–55 BC, Lucretius|origins=la vigil}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [pɛr.wɪˈɡɪ.li.ũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [per.viˈd͡ʒiː.li.um]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pervigilium''' ''n'' (genitive pervigiliī or pervigilī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ According to the OLD and Wiktionary it is [[af|la|pervigil|-ium|t1=always watchful]];^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) the TLL from the verb [[m|la|pervigilō|t=to stay awake all night]].^(TLL) [[m|la|pervigil]] is formed from [[m|la|per-]] and [[m|la|vigil|t=awake, watchful]],^(OLD 2012) which de Vaan groups with [[m|la|vigeō|t=to be vigorous]], from [[ine-pro|*u̯eǵ-eh₁-|t=to be strong]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Lucretius has the earliest example, with the genitive ''pervigilī'', of a long spell of keeping watch.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It names a night spent awake: Seneca writes of continual sleepless nights,^(OLD 2012) and Pliny the Elder and Justin use it of watching or of weariness from it.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Its second sense is an all-night religious festival, a vigil: Livy tells of a camp left unguarded during a vigil,^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Tacitus, Suetonius and Petronius speak of celebrating or proclaiming one.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) A short anonymous Latin poem is called the ''Pervigilium Veneris''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ The grammarian Charisius notes that it is neuter in Latin but its Greek counterpart is feminine, and the TLL records feminine and masculine forms.^(TLL) In Ecclesiastical Latin it means a vigil or the eve of a feast,^(Stelten 1995) and in British medieval Latin John of Salisbury uses it of nights of study.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of keeping watch.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of an all-night festival.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of sleepless nights.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus uses it of celebrating a vigil.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|watch]] kept all night; staying awake, sleeplessness.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # An all-night religious festival, a [[m|en|vigil]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' A vigil, the [[m|en|eve]] of a feast.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}