abrado Latin · revision 34595

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=190–159 BC, Terence|origins=itc-pro *rasd-e/o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [abˈraː.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [abˈraː.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''abrādō''' (present infinitive abrādere, perfect active abrāsī, supine abrāsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ab-|rādō|t1=away|t2=to scrape, shave]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives [[m|la|rādō]] from [[itc-pro|*rasd-e/o-]], and notes that the family is found only in Italic and Celtic, so a PIE origin is uncertain.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[cy|rhathu]] and [[br|rahein]], “to scrape, shave”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Terence,^(de Vaan 2008) who uses it of getting money out of someone: in the ''Phormio'' people are in danger wherever “something can be scraped off” them (''unde aliquid abradi potest'').^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its literal senses are to scrape or rub off, as in Lucretius and in Columella of roots;^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) to wash away by erosion, as Seneca says the Nile does not;^(OLD 2012) to scrape clean; and to shave, as Cicero's eyebrows “shaved right off” (''supercilia penitus abrasa'').^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lucan also uses it of injuring by scraping.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Medieval writers used it for scraping writing off a page, erasing a name in a charter, and for shaving and mowing, and figuratively for killing, robbing and depriving.^(MLW) Stelten's Ecclesiastical Latin glosses are “rub off, take away, erase”.^(Stelten 1995) English took ''abrase'' from its participle stem in the 1590s and ''abrade'' in the 1670s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of getting something out of a person.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of scraping something off the body.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero speaks of eyebrows shaved off.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella uses it of scraping roots.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1590s – English ''abrase''.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1670s – English ''abrade''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|scrape]] or rub off, wipe away; to wash away by [[m|en|erosion]]; to scrape clean.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To [[m|en|shave]], shave off.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To injure by scraping, [[m|en|abrade]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To get (something) out of a person, “knock off”.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' To [[m|en|erase]] (writing).^(MLW)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[abrāsiō]]

+ * [[abrāsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|abrade]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}